Snake venom, the enchanting lizard make good use of the variety

Poisonous snakes, more than 600 species of lizards are poisonous, but two snakes poisonous lizard make good use of the variety, tricks

Rattlesnake-pin tubular fangs allow it to enter the poison of the highest realm.

Chinese bird Dragon will use once published papers of the venom, and immediately in the reptile research community caused a great stir, many people began to re-examine the current health of reptiles. Free of snake with capacity in Animal Kingdom is first-class, lizard also has two positive toxic, last year and academics, with nearly a hundred species of lizards will enable virus, causing the poison on the origin of the large reptiles. Below, we will together look at these alive snake and lizard venom.

1 said dental

Snake venom has three factions

Speaking of "toxic", most people would immediately think of snakes.

According to the 2007 people's medical Publishing House published a general surgery ", the worldwide total of approximately 2500 species of snakes, of which about 650 kinds of poisonous snakes are estimated by the number of snakebite in more than 30 million, the mortality rate of approximately 10 per cent.

As with the "Giants" venom, venom of snakes.

Beijing Zoo amphibian reptile Museum staff Joe yilun said that the serpent spoke their fangs of characteristics can be broadly divided into three categories. "Teeth" snakes up the class of the highest realm. Their fangs in front of the mouth, usually can be collapsed. Furthermore, these teeth of Groove is completely confined to tubular, like a needle, its poison glands around the muscles and teeth can be measured as the wound poison injected. Who can have this overwhelming kill weapon? rattlesnakes, deinagkistrodon etc. The second largest category of snakes were called "class" before Groove teeth. They are characterized by the teeth grow in front of the mouth, but shorter, but it has not completely closed Groove Groove, not injecting venom. Coral snake slithering belonging to this class. The most popular is the "class" after Groove teeth, their fangs only u-shaped Groove, boot capacity as before poison teeth serpent. They cannot be used for fangs first wave of attack, only the entire engages with the game, with posterior to their venom. Have such venom's including big snake shuishe, and African tree snake and so on. Some people think that there are Chinese Dragon bird similar to a snake after Groove teeth fangs of the class. Joe yilun said, after he was bitten in teeth serpent, nothing. This type of snake venom enough venom was a frog, but most people will not be poisoned, just be pain and swelling. Some of the Snake's Venom is a hybrid, such as Cobra's Venom long in advance, very short, you cannot collapse, but it is completely closed tubular, like needles.

Start biologists think Viper and before Groove teeth teeth serpent after Groove is the result of a parallel evolution, evolution has fangs.

But the Netherlands biologists van grams (FreekVonk) 2005 in the journal nature published an article on that, according to embryo research, poisonous snakes and after Groove teeth teeth serpent before Groove of embryonic development fairly consistent, they are a common ancestor. He believes that appears first is poisonous snakes, after Groove teeth in evolution, these teeth gradually moves forward, so it is more aggressive. He also felt that the lizards and snakes common ancestor in upper and lower jaw will develop out of the venom, and some lizards further developing the venom glands under the palate, the palate of venom degradation, and the further development of the Snake's Venom glands, palate and jaw of venom gland degradation.

Coral snake that belong to the "front runner" snakes. teeth class

2 say virus

Mechanism of action of the different

The Serpent is not only the various "fangs, m

akers of the composition is different.

Joe yilun said that inflicts the most painful is the blood circulation.

Have such venom Viper, belly of a snake, the snake zhuyeqing, apply, etc. It has been bitten by Department quickly swelling, stiff, if bites man's mouth, swelling another "little head", accompanied by bleeding, pain, skin is purple black and other symptoms. The most evil, the venom is not only affect the blood circulation, but also has the digestive function, bite into the mouse equivalent in the meat, sprinkle the tender meat powder, promotes digestion, and bites person if you do not have timely treatment thrown massive tissue necrosis, often to surgical resection, scar looks like big sharks took a bite.

Relatively speaking, bungarus fasciatus venom, coral snake, the snake secretion of neurotoxin to "mercy".

Bites, local symptoms not obvious, bleeding, swelling and mild fever. But after a few hours of systemic symptoms appear sharp, patient excited, languishing, muscles trembling, frothing, difficulty in swallowing, breathing difficulties, and finally will not lie, convulsions, respiratory muscle paralysis resulting in death. In addition, there are scientists studying the neural toxin can be used to treat certain parasitic viruses in human nervous system, such as rabies.

The most dangerous is mixed.

Cobra and King of Cobra's Venom is a mixture of toxins. Been bitten after wound swelling, fever, pain, possible necrosis. Toxin is absorbed, the systemic symptoms of serious and complex, both neural symptoms and blood circulation toxin damage will eventually die of suffocation or heart power failure.

3 controversy

How many lizards will enable virus

Compared to the snakes, lizards have been considered "tender love", is not simple to use.

Previously, he was considered poisonous lizard only poison gland of lizard branch of two lizards. Description of thetwo drugs are living in North America. And the serpent, poisonous lizard's fangs in mandibular and maxillary instead. Poisonous lizard slow, mainly food caves in young rats, if the "parents" revolt, they have been fangs biting into danger. Joe yilun said: "it bites will not love let go, the venom from the venom from the mandibular, injection into the bloodstream. If the volume of words willCaused by the bite of death, pain and swelling in General just only ".

Early last year, Australia Melbourne University biologists Frei (BryanFry) team papers, como more dragons and other lizards are actually toxic glands.

Como more Dragon is the world's largest lizard. It has a sawtooth-like teeth, can ambush their prey in Buffalo this big, prey after bite often die within a few days. Before that, this is because como more dragon has a large number of bacteria that cause infection and death of game.

Fred has studied how como Dragon saliva, which found a similar venom protein.

And Singapore at a Zoo como more dragons death gave Fred anatomy. He como more Dragon fight to the venom gland, found their toxins and description as well as the venom Viper toxins are similar. These toxins can suddenly lowering blood pressure, let its prey game shock, you can prevent the clotting process. In his view, the 5000 known lizards, nearly 100 kinds of poisonous.

Some scientists believe that como more dragons are also poisonous.

But Fred conclusions have not been approved by the scientific community in General.

United States University of Connecticut's evolution on biologists schwenke (KurtSchwenk) believe that Fred cited "como more Dragon makes poison" evidence is "meaningless, irrelevant and erroneous". You can believe that China's bird Dragon "venom" hypothesis, the controversy about reptiles will certainly poison into an upgrade.

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The world called the most poisonous snake who?

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The world's "most dangerous snakes" is what? according to different criteria of facts, there may be a completely different sort, for example, compared to inland taipans Snake (Inlandtaipan), Cobra's toxicity to much, but every year since the death of people than a Cobra inland taipans snake.

However, if you want to determine "what kind of snake's Venom", or a scientific method, and its basis is the so-called "LD50". This seemingly harmless code actually very "sinister", its Chinese name is "half the number of death." "LD" into "Lethaldose" (lethal dose), LD50 is the median lethal dose makes an exposure of laboratory animals, within 14 days in half of the laboratory animal death by poison measurement, the smaller the number, the greater toxicity.

According to the toxic substances Research Group Australia (AVRU) research, according to the sort, the world's LD50 poisonous snakes top 10 all produced in Australia, the first name is inland taipans snake, "big" is "Merchant" means.

Section 12 is produced in Asian Cobra, kingcobra ranked No. 17, produced in the United States in the eastern part of the diamond back rattlesnakes in 23rd place.

# Snake species LD50 distribution

1 Inland taipans snake 0.025 Australia

2 the Eastern Brown Snake 0.053 Australia

3 coast big snake 0.099 Australia

4 Tiger snake 0.118 Australia

5 black tiger snake 0.131 Australia

12 Asian Cobra 0.565

17 kingcobra 1.80 Asia

23 East diamond back SideWinder 11.4 North America

New thematic interviews/reporter Liu Zheng

This special appreciated: Xu XING (Institute of ancient spine and paleontological Institute researcher)

Joe yilun (Beijing Zoo amphibian reptile Museum staff)