The burning of the Argentine room, two thousand years of misunderstanding
China Academy of social sciences completed ' fanggong archeological, confirm ' fanggong uncompleted more has not been burned with fire
Qin fire extinguished 2200 years, Emperor sitting xianyang, construction, but the hearts of the people of story fanggong, one of the reasons is that well-known Ode to the ' fanggong.
Recently, the Chinese Academy of social sciences, archaeology and Xi'an joint archeological cultural relic protection of archeological activity fanggong has finally come to an end.
' Fanggong archaeological team captain Lee Monica said that this event had the basic mapping and its surrounding the Qin and Han Fanggong historic buildings. Findings show that there is only one seat fanggong built half the former Palace. Literary works and historical books in those magnificent historic scene description, outline is the blueprint for the design of the Palace Group. Xiang Yu "burning ' fanggong" rumors also lack of archaeological evidence.Located in Xi'an West ' House in the village of AIT Fanggong scenic spot, reflect contemporary people on fanggong imagination.
Issue 1
Ah what fanggong?
Archaeology indicates that there is no fanggong legend as big, really commenced before the temple, or a "uncompleted", its ruins things rammed earth station 1270 meters long, North and South width 426 metres, are now 12 meters high.
Historians describe Emperor's image, in addition to the first empire by Chao-built, the text and the unity of the weights and measures and tyrant, there is also a "building contractor".
History records that the first emperor of Qin in place during construction of the countless wonders of engineering — is called — or the great wall, building another Lishan, is to build ' fanggong.' Fanggong is considered the largest Chinese historical palaces.
The historical records that Qin Shi Huang unified China, consciously exploits can be compared with the three and five. He too the historic capital of xianyang is too small, not enough to show their reigns grandeur. In thirty-five years, i.e. shihuang b.c. 212 years, he ordered that King Home caught in eerie is located south of Weihe, SOAP of the River West building huge Palace community. "The first former Palace-room", subsequently, by the former House-centric fanggong, built around 270 more than detached Palace don't Museum. Historic air corridor "between" connection. These corridors and according to the terrain to zhongnan mountain, at the top of the Hill built palaces as ' fanggong gate.This Palace is? the historical records that the Arab Hall of the "stuff before fanggong 500 step, 50 feet, on the North and South can sit million people".
Qin dynasty step approximately six feet, 300 step one, Qin feet approximately 0.23 m. So as to, something probably before the temple fanggong wide 690 m, depth of approximately 115 metres north and South, covers an area of more than 8 million square meters. People guess, complex contains two major fanggong, a former palace complex, the other is the "roof" of the complex.In the Tang dynasty poet Du Fu "fanggong ' with a complex rhetoric and rhetorical depicts the Enigma of the Palace.
He said that "the complex pressure 300 days" in isolation, so that we stay aerial panorama; the "Gallery of lumbar back to him, the eaves of the teeth, the high beak, and held the terrain of intrigue" million heavy Pavilion, and amazing.Du MU's portrayal of the painting ' fanggong views to appear more than once in the Chinese Academy of social sciences, Institute of Archaeology Research Fellow, fanggong archaeological team captain Lee yu
fang mind. This bit in Palace archaeological 40 years researchers clearly, this is only a literary depiction, unearthed is restoring the most reliable means of history.In October 2002, the Chinese Academy of social sciences, archaeology and Xi'an City cultural relic protection consisting of the archaeology fanggong archaeological team, decided to archaeological Unveils ' fanggong veil.
"We all know, the former Palace Fanggong archaeological work initially was from before the beginning of the temple fanggong. "' The temple ruins before fanggong rammed earth station West 1270 meters, width 426 metres north and South, are now 12 meters high. "This height is measured from the ground from the Qin dynasty. " Li Yu-fang. In this rammed earth station, West, North, the lower surface has built walls, wall dynamic top has been paved in Watts. However, the Dynamic Earth station above have not building a brick wall."This shows ' no built in front of the temple fanggong.
The ruins of the former Palace "rammed earth station South edges a thing to the trenches dug by the descendants of defense facilities. The former Temple ruins to the South of rammed earth station 3 metres of Han culture layer was found in a piece of tile the Qin and Han dynasties.Accordingly, the judgment of the archaeological team, the so-called ' fanggong just a plan.
More importantly, the ruins of the former Palace of the archaeological team rammed earth station above the East, West and North sides of the wall are not found in the Qin dynasty, Qin dynasty palace of culture and architectural monuments. "There are only found in the Eastern Han dynasty — the Northern dynasties — the song, and even a small amount of architectural heritage in modern times and tombs. " There are indications that Albanian Fanggong no legend, only built a temple before. Even the former Palace, still far from finished also. In fact, many documents, such as the Park's note ", the" AhFanggong "that is the seat of the former Palace.Issue 2
"A ju chu people" really have?
Although archaeological team will drill hole hit 5 per square metre, or did not find any ash layer.
This means that the legendary Xiang Yu burning ' House is only a field misunderstandings of history.There are also some material is said, is not the Emperor first ordered fanggong.
Books from the era of the Wei and three auxiliary yellow map "that Qin Shi Huang Hui King Wen of high-grandfather had already started to build ' fanggong. The Emperor is only on this project for the expansion. Shihuang 37 years October Shihuang world. The following year in July, the Albanian Fanggong haven't finished it, he died. Qin II enlisted in the construction of a 700 prisoners ' fanggong to construction beginning of Lishan Lintong tombs, fanggong engineering is temporarily suspended. For the second year in April, the second Emperor back to xianyang. The said he "complex up ' room". However after a year, against the armies of the finger is inserted into the heart of the Qin dynasty. In the spring of the year 206 year, Xiang Yu armies entered the xianyang. He ordered the massacre, plundering a fanggong, finally a fire destroyed the Palace. 1000 years later, the poet Du Fu in the Albanian Fanggong decode in story said: "a ju chu, poor scorched earth. ”Mr to Qing dynasty painter painting form showed himself imagined the "Ah Fanggong".
However, since the ' has not been built even fanggong it Throne Hall is "uncompleted," then that Xiang Yu did burn ' fanggong moves? answer this question, the same is the archaeological excavation activities of important tasks.
Large area of incineration will be formed on the ground.
Clay bamboocharcial, will form the Burning Earth earthenware, is red. At the same time, the building of wooden parts after burning will carbonization. In fact, archaeologists from the Albanian Fanggong ruins near xianyang palace ruins found traces of soil, with a lot of metal melting of small pieces. This proves that Xiang Yu had burned xianyang Palace.In the archaeological site of fanggong team conducted a "carpet" of exploration.
The ruins of the former Palace Station 20 million square meters of the range, a large number of archaeological team laid eyes on. In order to avoid missing any traces of scorched earth eye density of up to five per square meter. Monica Lee explained that "if it be that ' fanggong burned, there must be a fire burnt remains of stacked layers of the Qin dynasty architecture, carbon dating and other residues. " However, drilling tens of thousands of holes, archaeological team still found no trace of the fire. They also analyze the region's soil samples, results in it no carbon particles.The so-called "Xiang Yu burning ' fanggong" was just a misunderstanding of history, on the basis of these results, Monica LEE that judgment.
In fact, there is only so a fanggong has not built in a former Palace, "Xiang Yu why came all the way to the South to burn the Weihe River has completed building?"Built for ' fanggong did not, i
n fact, this fact also recorded historical documents. Song-Dae Chang recorded in its Yong, "said," Shah Fanggong can sit million, down to five feet is a flag, shuttering, make of this. " That is to say, ' only stop at fanggong "expectations" level. Shaanxi Provincial History Museum curator week tours that we have been thinking that Qin ' fanggong has been completed, and after the fire, because people are not careful investigation of the historical records and other relevant record books, resulting in a fuzzy understanding.Issue 3
' Fanggong including a beacon towers?
' The ruins of the former palace nearby fanggong did have a compacted soil in the archaeological site, but the military alarm facilities are less likely to belong to the Royal Palace.
It just warring Qin mirrors as part of the building.' The ruins of the former Palace has not fanggong, nor has been burned, but archaeological excavations have not the end.
In fact, after two years of archaeological discoveries, archaeological team has made to the site of the former Palace. Since November 2004, Monica Lee archaeological team will focus on on determination of the scope of fanggong site. To do this work one is 3 years.In fact, Xi'an city heritage sector in 1994 organization broadly demarcate the manpower fanggong ruins: the East River, West to SOAP Chi yang Zhai, peace village to the South, North-town, area 10.89 square kilometers.
But the historical records, Qin ' fanggong is building in the construction of the warring States period Qin eerie. The Han dynasty, the Han dynasty here and become the Royal gardens are part of the mirrors.From here, the archaeological team in Temple ruins before fanggong 135 square kilometers of archaeological work in the context, determining the site of the "c" fanggong.
"We are so extensive search, is designed to prevent missed off any part of the building. "Li Yu-fang.Beginning in November 2004, the archaeological team on the ruins of the former Palace Fanggong West to Feng East Bank 42.35 square kilometre-wide surveys, prospecting and mining of archaeological work, identify the site of the western boundary of fanggong.
Archaeological team unearthed in the first survey and exploration discovery is located in front of the temple ruins fanggong ' s 1150 m Chi yang fortress ruins.
In the ruins of the building collapse in the unearthed a large part of the tile in the warring States period, bricks, slab edge retention, won't fade and eaves tiles and other building materials. Monica Lee points out, this is a fairly typical of the warring States period because of the archaeological heritageThe site is in the South of Qin Wei eerie, it should be for the construction of the warring States period comes on top of the Park in one of the buildings (a numbered eerie, construction sites), it is built by emperor Shah Fanggong age to early. "This means that this site and the so-called ' ' fanggong '. ”The eerie, construction site South 500 m, before the temple ruins Southwest Fanggong 1200 metres, there is an archaeological site of rammed earth (the number is eerie, construction sites).
This is the legendary "Qin ' fanggong beacon towers". Beacon towers is an ancient building passed military intelligence. Each beacon towers into a communication line, a firewood stage storage and animal wastes. Official platform of non-commissioned officers found the enemy, ignition alarm. So this is not a "beacon towers"?Beacon towers is military alarm facilities, are less likely to appear in the Royal Palace in the farm.
Through exploring, archaeological team learned that the ruins of bases for compaction of soils in the lower, upper three floors of the building, the only remaining building base address and a small amount column foundation stone, "its architectural form and a number of xianyang Palace is basically the same architectural relics. "Subsequently, there also unearthed the tile in the warring States period, bricks, plate block edge tiles, etc," won't fade through various archaeological evidence indicates that the building should be the warring States period built fortress Palace building. "Li Yu-fang, because it is in the South of Qin Wei eerie, so there should be for the construction of the warring States period comes on top of the Park in one of the building. It is built by emperor Shah Fanggong age to early, and fanggong.Issue 4
"Rooftops" what use is it?
Legend has it that the Emperor "rooftop" role has three, watch the sky, worship heaven and Earth, or East hope xufu.
Archaeological excavation smash everything possible, because this table only warring fortress Palace.In the eastern territories fanggong sites have one is the legendary "' on the rooftops" site fanggong, grade 4 to park on site.
The site is located at the site of the former Palace of Arab Fanggong 500 m East, about 310 m, about 20 meters high. Site of the Central West to the East building, its high, North, West, are subsidiary buildings, and the South and South-East as a relic of the ponds."Rooftops" is why? there are three local spread.
The first is that it is the first emperor to watch the astronomical images of the stars. The second argument is of the view that this is the offering of sacrifices. Produced plenty of peace is God, and God bless, Qin Shi Huang here regularly worship heaven and pray the Qin Empire of Fu minfeng, Sihai shengping. The third argument is of the view that to find eternal life of medicine Fuso of xufu months did not return, the emperor was very worried, so I built this profile comment, look forward to an early return. XuArchaeological team found that high-profile archaeological excavation unearthed on th
e tile surface is so fine that jagged lines, surface for undecorated; won't fade surface are thin sheath, the inner face, for pitting and mud coil built process. Li Yu-fang, these relics and warring Qin mirrors a number of architectural monuments unearthed in tile and won't fade, with the same method, the form and decoration. Its technology in Qin Qin Yongcheng ruins, monuments and Quercus yangcheng xianyang city ruins of warring States era strata stacked unearthed in tile, it is quite common in won't fade, is in the area of the warring popular decorative features and process characteristics. "As far as this inference, the fortress Palace building should be in the warring States era architectural relics. ”This building block to high-profile Palace as the core of the palace complex was built in the warring States period and follow the Han dynasty.
In other words, "the palace complex also does not belong to the first emperor ' fanggong. ”In addition, the team has located the ruins of the former Palace of Arab Fanggong Northeast 2000 metres of a building, the legendary Qin ' fanggong magnet gate site (eerie 6 sites) exploration and discovery.
Archaeological data indicate that the building site, no doorway sites and related facilities of relics, therefore it ruins is not a door access, which is a long, narrow north and West of high-profile Palace building sites. And so-called "on-top", the ruins of buildings for the times, and used the warring States period of the Han dynasty.-Archaeology, archaeological team looking and identifies the scope of Qin-fanggong, exploration, excavation of a 7 seater warring Royal Park built in the Qin eerie Palace building, in which there are four buildings also follows the Han dynasty, the Han dynasty palace of mirrors.
■ Extension
Lack of awareness of the historical fuzzy
Week days explained that, on completion of the A
lbanian Fanggong or not, the burning of it or not, the academic community has two different views. "This is because we understand the ' fanggong, usually there are narrow and broad differences. ”Narrow ' fanggong, just means there are already discovering confirmed ' temple ruins before fanggong.
The historical records · Emperor Leafs contained: "Ah Fanggong not; as, to a more selective of the name name. For Palace-room, so the world is that of ' fanggong. "This is demonstrated by looking at the Sima Qian also just not built the temple ruins before Anita Fanggong also pointed out that ' fanggong once completed will be renamed.At the same time, many ancient documents described ' fanggong, regarded the Qin ' fanggong called "Ah".
The biography of · Dongfang Shuo contains: "cite nationality South ... Ah. " Tang dynasty scholar Yan Shi ancient records on this paragraph explains that:" cite the number and terms of its thin citizenship. Ah, the Qin ' fanggong also, with its walls Chung kwong, popular call to Ah. ”While broadly ' fanggong, also refers to the entire
Xianyang region Qin Palace Group. This name was later evolved into a place name. The sixteen countries mentioned in the spring and autumn ": around the year 384, xianyang area is under the rule of the former dynasty. At that time, spread this nursery rhyme here: "Phoenix Phoenix on ' room". The former Emperor after he heard the nursery rhyme fujian, in room areas planted 1000 trees attract phoenixes, to look forward to the coming of the Phoenix.Week days tour, it is this level of understanding, let ' fanggong became the focus of controversy.
The historical records · "Bibliography" Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu said, "burn-historic residences in Venice, the fire is not quenched in March. " During this period of record, Sima Qian said nothing about the flaming is ' fanggong. In addition, with regard to the ' recorded also in fanggong many kinds of documents, which are said to have ' fanggong size, and not on fire ' fanggong.Week days explained that the historical records in å refers to the burning of the Qin State orders, but are not specific to that ' fanggong.
But since the past academic term broadly used to signify the ' fanggong Qin historic, awareness, it is natural that the burning was fanggong.In his view, the present archaeological exploration, keep pushing the results will allow us to study the Qin and Han dynasties closer to historical truth.
"In the past, we know more of the Qin and Han dynasties to stay in the ancient records, but past history writing inevitable modifications and exaggerated, even Zhang Heng, Ban Gu. " More importantly because Qin papermaking not universal, printing or producing documents for dissemination, mainly depends on the dictated notes. Plus the social upheaval of the Han dynasty, and the subsequent war booty, historical records are scattered and lost. Qin history books and records in the matter of the Qin dynasty. "The emperor was opposed to gossip about his business. " Understanding through historical records to the Qin dynasty, it has some deficiencies."Now on fanggong site archaeological research you can let us to the understanding of emerging from the past fanggong.
" Week days emphasized, because it is very strict in archaeology, reliability is very strong. Prince of Beijing Normal University Professor of history, this also means that they've been concerned about ' the relevant fanggong archaeology. "The archaeological work done by the activity is relatively sound. ”New thematic interviews Reporter: Li Jian-
This special appreciated:
Monica Lee (Chongxin researcher);
Week days tour (Shaanxi Provincial History Museum curator);
Prince this morning (Beijing Normal University history professor).
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