Unscramble the mystery word Iran archaeologist singular symbol Tablet found ancient scientist analytical writing explanation skills
Jiroft South of the ancient city ruins, is considered to be engraved with ancient Tablet is found here.
Recently, Science magazine published by Joseph · namchi Azad, archaeologists of the latest archaeological findings.
In a city in Western Iran Jiroft nearby, the researchers found a tablet. Monument engraved with strange symbols, the archaeology personnel believed that this could well be a tradition for thousands of years has been interrupted by the mysterious text.
In fact, discovered the mystery writing messages often can see, many researchers, civil scholars continue to claim to solve the mystery of a certain importance.
Mysterious text really so mysterious, cracking the mystery of the text of the regulation have? writing scientist looks at, whether it be a mysterious text, or mysterious text interpretation method is not mysterious.
1 Iran ＞
The ancient city ruins to discover new cuneiform
Archaeologists El naghizadeh believes that this tablet was engraved with, is an ancient have not been deciphered
Archaeological discoveries often lost history civilization again before us.
Recently, Western archaeologist to Iran in a city became interested.
Through a series of activities, archaeologists unearth new measure of ancient Iran in ancient civilization's position in the world.
A considerable number of scientists think that the two River civilization originated most likely originated in Iran in a remote mountain valley in an ancient city. Although this is still in the early stages of archaeological discovery, but many archaeologists believe that the archaeological discoveries will rewrite the history of human civilization. August 3, published in science magazine on the ruins of a detailed report on the situation.
Iran archaeologists Joseph · namchi Azad (YousefMadjidzadeh) in Jiroft city of southern also discovered an ancient relic.
"The old city area of about 2000 square meters. In the mid-3rd century b.c. to the height. "Is in Jiroft of this ancient city ruins nearby at, El naghizadeh discovered a small tablet. In the Tablet, there are some strange symbols.
Found that these symbols are a text.
That the text of the demise of civilization, then no one had seen them. However, taking into account the process of discovering the ancient city and the surrounding areas of environment, El naghizadeh also carefully said, of course not be able to eliminate this tablet is remembered as a pseudo made possible.
Each of these ancient discoveries have brought a lot of surprises.
In Iran of Jiroft, such is not the first such surprises. Prior to this, the famous Eran Cuneiform is also found in this place.
1835, a 25-year-old United Kingdom was ordered to go to the Army Lieutenant Rawlinson as Kurdistan Iran, Governor of the military advisor.
This amateur archaeology enthusiast arrived soon hear locals resident near a rock carvings. He then went to the rock carvings are located, near the village of bejis DUN, and finally in the expedition that discovered a large inscriptions.
The film stone ground around 100 meters high, carved stone itself is about 8 meters, width of 5 m.
The upper section is a relief, the lower part is made of ancient Persian, Polish and aka German written three cuneiform inscription. This is the famous "inscription" bejis Dun.
However, the ancient Persian Cuneiform early as 330 BC the demise of the Persian Empire, and become a person familiar with the text of th
e dead. Unfortunately the other two are already with the cuneiform civilization runs out and lost. Therefore, people do not know these words in what to tell people.
After almost 12 years of research, United Kingdom archaeologists Rawlinson (Rawlinson) Finally in 1845 successfully deciphered the Tablet inscriptions of the old Persian Cuneiform.
Archaeological researchers have said that if Al naghizadeh newly discovered really is never recognized the Cuneiform, that are sure to help history of the cuneiform for grain of combing — after all, this type of text is originated in Iran.
2 China ＞
Oracle deciphered by inheritance
After ancient scientists for decades, Oracle has been deciphered out of 1000 words.
In fact, ancient discoveries, often with the archaeological discoveries gradually into our vision.
With the interpretation of the ancient, a dust-laden history also unveiled. Oracle is the ancient history of deciphering the famous cases.
In 1899, the Imperial College offering wine (national education of the highest CE) Wang Yi Jung found inscriptions.
It is said that King Yee wing is suffering from malaria, ancient says a "keel" things can healMalaria, so he sent to Beijing caishikou darentang purchase this medicine.
Wang Yi Rong carefully observed buying back the "keel" and found many depictions of symbols above.
Wang Yi Rong has good Guoxue Basic, familiar to the epigraphy. He was acutely aware that was the ancient text. According to this thread, he allows to find the ruins, confirms it's out of the land, and therefore determines the kind of text and the relationship between the ancient Shang dynasty. King Yee wing finds this is China's most ancient text. Ultimately, it was known as Oracle and is chasing that modern Chinese character known as early as the source. Since then, the Chinese scholars also started on the interpretation of this text.
A collector in the Qing Liu e is a famous Oracle bones collectors.
In 1903, he epigraphy home Luo Zhenyu's help, from their own collections of selected out of the bones, photocopying 1058 piece published the iron clouds hid the turtle, "a book. This is the first book about Oracle. In 1904, scholars sunyirang under the iron clouds hid the turtle on the information provided in the lease to write a book, for example. In this book, he made his break-out Oracle word of 181. This is the first study of Oracle's monograph.
"The reason in a relatively short period of time to identify so many words, because Chinese characters and other areas found in ancient Chinese characters, Chinese character spread ordered, has its own system.
" Beijing normal folk classics Professor Zhao Ping text research center that scholars can on glyph of ratio on interpretation of Oracle, this approach enables the identification of the inscriptions are breakthrough work.
These ancient glyphs information including bronze, stone, Han, and so on.
They are interpreting Oracle reference. Ancient documents has become a reference pathway analysis through literature, researchers have inscriptions in the interpretation of the geography, people, information on proper names. After a few short decades of development, Oracle learning has become a significant learning and become our understanding of the basic materials for the history of the Shang dynasty.
However, the interpretation of the Oracle remains challenging.
Now, people have been found in the bones of about 5000 words, but be sure of only 1000 words. Moreover, in this batch have been deciphered by Oracle, most of them are similar to the "day", "month" is such a simple ideograph. From here, the interpretation of the Oracle one by one, especially the more complex text becomes the current Chinese ancient writing research work.
3 Egypt ＞
Rosetta's mystery legends
Rosetta Stone is now in the British Museum, famous in the drugstore.
As early as in Oracle, the veil of 100 years ago, ancient Egypt, has entered into people's eyes.
With the demise of the ancient Egypt national, ancient Egypt text gradually been forgotten. Until the 19th century, Rosetta Stone is found, and by France scholars champolion in-depth study, ancient Egypt text will be read out.
Rosetta Stone is the interpretation of ancient Egypt.
1798 Napoleon's expedition to Egypt and then occupy Cairo in July, quickly conquered Egypt. At that time, the army has 175 of expedition "the learned man", in order to study the mystery of ancient Egypt.
1799 in August the Nile estuary of roseto KHOTAN, a team of France soldiers are built fortifications.
Suddenly, a soldier's shovel into a hard thing. The soldier may unexpectedly, this a hard thing is the gateway to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, this is the key to the Rosetta Stone: shape irregular black basalt stone tablets, length 114 cm, 72 cm wide, the tablet surface engraved with three different paragraphs.
"Rosetta stone tablets of discovery, to the awareness of the culture of ancient Egypt brought hope.
" Zhao Ping that initially many scholars on the tablet of hieroglyphs. Subsequently, the researchers found the Rosetta Stone of the true state of the text. In fact, the three sections of text from three ancient carved. These three words are the ancient Egypt hieroglyphs, ancient Egypt secular (ancient Egypt hieroglyphs of grass and writing) and Greece. One of the first paragraph as pictographs, 11; the second paragraph of text for the popular body, a total of 32 rows; the third paragraph of text for Greece, a total of 54.
"In the interpretation of ancient Egypt, Greec
e, the text of the significance of unusual because Greece man is familiar, this is the interpretation of Egypt's ancient scholars of a reference. "By Ping Zhao pointed to a known type is the elucidation of unknown text charactermaking an important way.
From 1808, archaeologists champolion forefathers research conducted on the basis of the work of ancient Egypt hieroglyphs deciphered.
In the course of the study found that champolion an interesting phenomenon: the King of ancient Egypt who write name, plus a round box, or in the name designated on the thick line below. "Rosetta Stone" is also useful for line box of the text. Keep through constant exploration, comparative champolion finally with Greece, read out Egypt King Ptolemy and "after" Egypt gaudily Creole Pate la (CleopatraVII) these two hieroglyphs. They can be from right to left or from left to right or from top to bottom, spell it out. "Interpretation of ancient Egypt, which has brought the rise of Egypt. ”
4 India ＞
Statistical principles deciphered machalaba text
Machalaba ruins of Lutes, there are a lot of text symbols.
Follow the development of its own rules language, controlled with another text to explain writing as an efficient method, but in Al Rabbani (Harappa) text explanation of the process, the statistical method also plays an important role.
In India's ancient civilization faxiang land has found some similar text symbols — machalaba text.
Since discovering perplex people since then. In the 1980s, archaeologist and ancient scientists began cracking machalaba text journey.
Puzzling is that even in humans have a highly developed cryptanalytic techniques and high-performance computers, researchers on ancient District 20 symbols are always confused.
After all, scholars have only given the inscription on a seal and a small amount of rough on pottery sculpture, theamount of information is too small. Related sites only discover 4000 seal, imprinted and pottery on the dilapidated of inscriptions adorn. And is now known all over the inscription of 21 symbols, every inscription number of symbols is usually only five or six.
Deciphering the difficulties of this text is that they are an unknown language of unknown type, no one could account for them and what ancient or modern languages, nor a text control of Tablet as a reference, like cracked the Egypt of the Rosetta Stone and Iran's Bay Histon rock carvings.
In the beginning, scholars have tried to machalaba text and the text of ancient Western Asia Comino, Canaan text, link the Hittite language, but progress still deciphering is extremely limited.
The good news is that Al Rabbani text next to a picture, text and picture seems to be some kind of contact between, this gives a clue to people alone.
As early as the 1930s, the United Kingdom scholars Hunter set out to collect machalaba text.
He confirmed the 396 different machalaba symbols, and gradually increased to 419. These symbols in 2290 paragraph inscription in 13376 times. Statistics show that there are 113 symbol only appears once, 47 2 time occurred, 59 of occurrences of less than 5 times. While only about 200 symbols used more widely, the law gives someone a second thought.
These findings indicate: machalaba man is neither a like Sanskrit (India's ancient writing) as Ruby text and not as a word of Chinese as a tone of hieroglyphs variants.
Machalaba text in between, some of the symbols is a word a code word for entity characters, and symbols which represent pronunciation. Considering that most of the text are indicated in the singular, plural, male (positive), female (negative) of some text rules, there are a number of distinguished figures of the appellation, and often must be placed at the beginning of the sentence in the article, scholars
have found some machalaba symbol often appear in the middle of the sentence, while others are repeated at the beginning and end of a sentence. The reading order is from right to left, and the same ancient Chinese and Arabic.
In this way, research scientists and archaeologists decipher machalaba inscription use a grid, that it is based on statistical principles to analyze machalaba symbols in sentences before and after the order in which discovery rule and finally solved this text.
■ Link
How to read and decipher a
"Read out an ancient Chinese characters, just as if it were discovered a new continent.
" A Word has difficulty describing ancient interpretation.
In fact, in the interpretation of the Oracle, the predecessor to Shuo to bridges, through the comparison of the evolution of I-portrait to decipher ancient inscriptions on bones and bronze, etc.
Through the efforts of several generations, has been on over 1000 inscriptions and 2000 more bronze inscriptions in the text. However, their total number out of the interpretation of words not yet passed. And this accompanying a problem is that even if we have been reading a few words, nor do I find them in the pronunciation of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and the significance of the era. From here, explore new means of explaination and research methods, is currently writing on a pressing issue.
In recent years, with the continuous emergence of the warring States period literature and found that the researchers access to additional reference material.
Zhouyi, Laozi's books have been warring for version information. Zhao Ping pointed out that the current interpretation of the Oracle can refer to these documents. But even so, the Oracle of a Word will be able to interpret it or need a long-term process.
For example, "Oracle reached", has been read as "transit".
"Transit" through the "Tu", thatis the meaning of the massacre. The Oracle of frequent words, seen from the image interpretation plays an important role. In this interpretation of the historical information to convey is that, when seen from the constantly killings, is typical of the tyrant.
However, some scholars on this raised objections.
Because the "transit" objects are often Yin Royal friends to depend on, heavy Chen, territories of municipalities. For this type of crowd, Yin Royal no mass slaughter. "Moreover, we have to take into account the evolution of the entire process of Lexicology, because ' slaughter ' words come very late, we can see the use cases is essentially beyond the warring States period, and after much slaughterhouses, received as the original meaning of cattle slaughter. " Zhao Ping explained that on an Oracle text interpretation process applied to a variety of methods, including body analysis, cases of textual documents in comparative law, are common methods. Identify whether the interpretation of the word is accurate but also through the above methods.
A study of the ancient writing success often depends on the ability to find reliable enough to communicate and ancient text of relevant text information.
In Oracle, the "da"Explanation on the importance of publication of the study. However, the type of information gets also with contingency analysis must, therefore, the historical existence of large dead angle, resulting in a significant part of the ancient Chinese characters cannot be deciphered.
In 1995, published nine jiangling, Baoshan shops on Oracle "up to" word of explanation provides new documentation.
This document is sent on a comparative law. At that time, the ancient scientist jiahao in his article cited Chu, "up to" glyph. Before, "compared to" the oldest found in inscriptions, mainly known as the Qin lines "$" character glyphs.
The Oracle of the "path" and the warring States period up to
the Chu of "words", the ancient Zhao Ping, scientists discovered that these two words have obvious physical contact, especially A (the Oracle collection "32229) and a (the language bundles guodian"), B (the Oracle collection of 6667) and b (the ancient four rhyme "cited the old child"), C (the Oracle collection of 6055) and glyph c (up to the poor guodian to "), (see left). In this case, the shape analysis method and Vilanculos.
Zhao Ping that Cho text "da" is in the so-called "transit" inscriptions "evolution on the basis of.
Therefore, the inscriptions on the so-called "transit" should read "$" character.
■ Extension
Mysterious text: legend or history?
"Any kind of text has its origins, we can find its associated language and text.
" Tsinghua University History Department, Professor Lee Xueqin, said that although the ancient and the modern us familiar handwriting has a certain distance, but none is quite untrue, find the appropriate basis. Whether it is China's ancient, ancient Egypt, or ancient scientist could find ways of interpretation.
However, there are some mysterious text spread out hundreds or even thousands of years, it still cannot be deciphered.
In China, at least 8 species of such a text symbol, known as China's "eight mystical text". They are just us books, book, seven seals, Hongyan, Dongba text bashu symbols, mausoleum monument, xianju yelang pure gibberish and tadpoles. In addition to these eight kinds of languages, the researchers also discovered Liangshan region Curosurf Shaba, Hunan girl books, and other mysterious text. These mysterious text, always attracting interpretation ' eyes.
1 Hongyan pure gibberish
Red Cliff mountain is about 7 km huangguoshu waterfall.
In its hillside, with a huge light red Cliff, wall 100 meters long, 30 meters, Afar, like a giant red banner hung in the Sun with the top of the Hill. Cliff has a lot of strange text symbols. Ming Xu Xiake traveler in his writings mentioned here, called "white text Red Rock". Qing Guangxu, Japan scholars de France made reservoirs and pills scholar baila thundering · Friedrich Haier visited inspection, but are not.
Spread around the Office, for centuries, the mysterious text, there are many legends, three of the more typical: a country that is three Zhuge left vestiges, also known as the "stone" Zhuge.
Red Rock inscriptions of the Sun, when passed to Zhuge's stationary Sun Jia, Ming, man of letters that are wise's going to be the leader of the Yi MO Department of the Dhi fire of supporting people in PingDing Southwest, alliances repaired monument. The second is when you cuan clan chiefs of Shu Han JI-fire assistance Zhuge active, this monument is the ancient cuan clan script je fire "Jigong tablet". Three is the Yin Gaozong cutting ghost party Jigong tablet. Recently, there have been some folk scholars, this is the lighthouse Emperor after the loss of old carved batteries was deposed, Zhu di of edict.
2 mausoleum monument
While the original lithography to Hengshan mausoleum peaks "mausoleum monument", it is every man has his opinion.
Mausoleum monument glyphs such as tadpoles, differs from the Oracle bones and tripod. It was speculated that this may be a sign of Taoism. As regards content, the more that is recorded in ancient Dayu content, but in recent years, some scholars think that the "mausoleum monument" and Yu and. The most important Chinese modern writing research expert Guo Moruo had to be too careful analysis, but only few of them recognized.
For such mysterious text, Zhao Ping noted that associated legends are people in terms of results.
Such as the famous "Dayu monument", in fact, someone in the song, but later it was engraved description combined to make a tayu, interpretation occurs when combined to various. Yu And this is the result of keeping the text, the more mysterious. "We don't say these words is remembered as a forgery, but because of the lack of relevant information, I think the best way is to save and to understand, until there is more information out before interpretations. ”
3 bashu symbol
And the other is not widespread circulation, the lack of systematic, just as the secret writing tool of mysterious text, bashu symbol used in a relatively long period of time, in a certain range widely in use.
Bashu symbol, also known as Shu-shu figure or graph text.
The last century, excavated from the warring States period in Sichuan province to the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, discovered on the heritage of 150 different face. Ancient scientists study finds that these symbols are mainly the ancient Shu-shu indigenous peoples cast printing or engraved in artifacts or seal on a stereotype of hieroglyphs. Researchers money jade toe that these icons may be 2400 years ago a phonetic text. "The current state is to set the symbol of Social Fund-Shu. " Zhao Ping pointed out that this mysterious text interpretation became a research scientist in the hope of big wish like Oracle's explanation, find the breakthrough as soon as possibleEstuary.
New thematic interviews reporter Li Jian-
This thematic pictures are information map
This special appreciated:
Lee Xueqin (Tsinghua University, Professor)
Zhao Ping an (Professor)
