Validation of relativistic 100 years exploring course
Http://www.sina.com.cn2007, November 26,
1905, Switzerland Office III technician Einstein in the on action of electrodynamics "article" relativity ".
Soon, he has introduced a "general relativity". This theory to the physics community brought a storm of impact. On this basis, the establishment of the universe, has become the mainstream of modern theoretical physics. Nevertheless, he stressed that he was standing on the shoulders of Newton."The time paradox" is the core issue of special relativity.
Although 100 years numerous experimental physicists attempt to prove this theory, but Canada Winnipeg Manny Toro University recently released a experiment is still achieved amazing success. Because the use of the atomic clock as time measurement tools, so this may be our most precise argumentation theory of relativity.Research-related outcomes of the recently published in nature child included the nature and physical ".
Associated researchers in China, foreign this new study, leads to a test of Einstein's theory of relativity has entered a more accurate time.1 experiment a more precise conclusions
Einstein's theory of relativity is the core of the "time paradox".
It comes from the on-body electrodynamics ", Einstein proposed a proposition: If A Department has two synchronous clock, one of the only at a constant speed along a closed curve movement, has experienced A t seconds back, then, is that in A place always not perturbed by the clock, the clock when it reaches A, to more slowly.Numerous physicists attempt to refute Einstein.
Now, still many physicists tireless search for defects of Einstein's relativity. "However, from now on, they will find it more difficult: because a new experiment has confirmed Einstein's special theory of relativity of time. " Science magazine on its Web site news reports.Concern, is a research group on Einstein's theory of relativity of time, the related papers published in the latest issue of the nature-physical law.
Grad · gwinner (GeraldGwinner) is Canada Winnipeg Mann, Associate Professor, University of Manitoba.
He is in charge of this research. For this experiment results, he expressed his great satisfaction, also believes that this is by far the most accurate of the theory of relativity.Foreign media reporting on this subject, most of them claimed that the "final confirmed Einstein's relativity."
So a little exaggerated. "At present, the theory of relativity Einstein's time has been agreed, but since 1905, the various experiments also constantly validate the theory of relativity. " The Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of theoretical physics professor Zhang Yuan Zhong pointed out that this experiment with other proven way of difference is that the experimenter in experiments using an atomic clock, this is by far the highest precision of experimental tool. Therefore, grad can state with confidence that their experiment ever unsure of accuracy.All this is due to the experimental group adopts harzgerode experimental approaches.
Researchers used to play the atom molecules Accelerator into two beams, in vacuum tube around the circle and line, simulation "time paradox" in theory in a faster clock. This molecular Accelerator is a ring. They use molecular accelerator will accelerate the speed of light atoms to 6%, or 1 million meters per second, and then use the laser beam out two, equally around the circle and line.Because atom "age" that is, its run time, you can use laser technology measuring their internal State to o
btain. Researchers used high-precision laser spectroscopy measurement time, discover a light beam on the outer part of some really slow. The speed difference precisely as 102 years ago of relativity mentioned. "Einstein's ideas are really very great. However, only the experiment can really give you the answer. "Grad.2 application of GPS is also influenced by the effects of Relativistic effects
Zhang Zhong has been engaged in the study of the theory of relativity.
In the late 1970s, he wrote the relativistic physics experiment method works the experimental basis of special relativity. In the late 1990s, when the previous works translated into English, Zhang Yuan Zhong found although in the past ten years, experimental methods still so that several, "only then of precision is not enough. ”On this point, the CAS Institute of physics NIE Yu Xin also expressed its recognition: one hundred years, relativity continually verified, in fact most of the relevant researchers have accepted the special theory of relativity, but in view of the physics community while also increasing the precision of the related experiments.
Even if you have a lot of physics experiments confirmed that the "time paradox" is correct, but Grad do not believe that their experiment is superfluous.
He stressed that: "the theory is that in order to apply, while the experiment is to apply. " Grad and others in the papers also specifically mentions that this experiment on the GPS (global positioning system) has a role in promoting.Lattice
Rodney pointed out that these experiments confirmed that the United States military satellites on space technology provides GPS signals can be used for the global navigation aid.But the GPS signal is exist certain errors.
Relativistic effects are the result of these errors. According to Einstein's relativity, atomic clock in strong gravity of swing more often than in the weak gravity conditions more slowly. Because of the international space station on gravity than Earth's surface, so the PARCS atomic clock every 10000 years, than Earth's atomic clock extension 1 seconds.Early GPS receiver to determine the location of the error object is 15 meters, this error is actually a need by Einstein's relativity to be amended.
As the global positioning system satellite is in orbit of different circle, since the individual satellites running speed, distance from the ground level is not the same, they just appear a lot of different changes. The information from each satellite transmits to ground receivers need ground control officer under error level to adjust to the satellite."GPS satellite positioning of objects location on Earth, but in the orientation process we must take account of Relativistic effects.
" Grad with special emphasis on the satellite is moving at high speed, which must take account of relativistic correction factors.In 1911 the first salt not meeting photos.
The participants were the most famous of a group of physicists, including Planck (back row second from left), Madame Curie (front right), Poincare (front row, second from right), Langevin million (rear right) and Albert Einstein (rear right).3 recall constantly challenged time concept
"From the trend of the relativistic experiments do is growing thin.
" NIE Yu Xin noted that currently on relativistic experiments remains one of the major physical sector. While the discussion about the time, it is hot in hot spots."Life in the time of people, regardless of whether he would or not, will be forced to walk over time, he was unable to return to the past and even a moment.
He involuntarily, but nothing frightened. "This is the United States compare religious history authority Elías generation (M.Eliade) in his"the myth of eternal return "in the traditional concept of period of time.The concept of time, in ancient times is blurred and mysterious.
And awareness of the importance of the time, it was Aristotle in motion study found. Although Aristotle does not put the time as an abstract quantity parameters, but he believed that "time is the movement" great breakthrough of opinion.The earliest time as a measurable parameters used for the study of the movements of Galileo.
When Galileo in the Church to pray, according to their own pulse to measure the clock oscillation, and eventually discovered the Basic Law of the pendulum movement: its swing cycle instead of swing.Real time view of the scientific status, or Newton.
His research on the theory of time in the law of the universe to the key role to play in. Late 17th century, Newton inherited and developed the concept of Galileo and space, time and space is independent, separate and are not affected by the matter and motion effects.From its own nature, Newton's time is accurate, according to the time the idea of universal mobile, Isaac Newton developed his theory of "flow."
Newton's contribution is that as the time to do a no-space Greece geometry do: take time to be able to accurately measure the ideal dimension.It should be said that the Newtonian time is common sense.
But Newton's Aristotle and Galileo imagination are absolute time. In Newton's view, there is only one contains all of, the universality of the time, time is not likely to be affected by anything. No matter when and where you are, wherever you are in how movement, regardless of what you are doing, for any people, time is in accordance with the same speed strode, accurately outlines the entire universe of continuous fragment appears. This is Newton's universal time concept. It attracts us with absolute and universal way to put the time into the past, present and future.Until the 19th century, the traditional concept of time or firmly occupies a dominant position.
However, all with the development of science have become different. Einstein told us that time is relative.Around the beginning of the 20th century, scientists in explaining electromagnetism and thermodynamics of conflicts, in relation to the optical signal change and object movement, in dealing with the speed of light or close to the speed of movement of objects, and found out that the concept of Newton's universal time arrive at the conclusion of the contradiction.
First contradiction is Thermodynamics of electromagnetics and conflict, is trying to understand time when triggered.
Most physical processes have inherent directionality, this fact in the direction of heat flow (from hot to cold) appear even more obvious. The second contradiction is Newtonian absolute time view and the relativity of motion of charged particles in the conflict between.When Einstein stood out with his special theory of relativity.
In 1905, Einstein in the on action of electrodynamics "article in the special theory of relativity, which become the space-time theory of modern physics. He stressed that the speed of light in all inertial system is the same.At that time, was only 26 years old Einstein boldly reprobate classic concept of authority.
He is from the relativity principle and constancy principle, on the Lorentz transformation equationWas amended to arrive at the Lorentz transformation. Einstein also pointed out that, because there is no way to detect motion relative to the Ethernet, Ethernet concept is superfluous. That's right people previously served as the golden rule of "simultaneous" concept challenges. In Einstein's view, if two people are relatively static, so that their time is the same. If there is mutual movement, they observed time is different.4 Verify more than 100 years of history
Einstein's choice of time, it is treated as scientific heresy.
Because it requires a physicist change most common concepts, which in the physics community there has been much controversy. Theory of relativity says that cannot generally all objects, but you must consider the relative motion of objects. Second, the length of the object is no longer absolute, the same object has a length of not one, but there are several lengths, depending on how to measure this object, and the relationship between mass and energy. For Einstein in the last century, issued a precept, a hundred years, opponents of, the more votes.However, the theory of relativity is to comply with current events and appearances.
Einstein's followers had the British Langenfeld on Einstein said: in my opinion, even if you do not have to build it, the emergence of special relativity will not wait long. Because Poincare had very close constitutes those special relativity. In fact, many of the special relativity transformation formulas in 1905 before they already have, we can even say, Poincare and Lorentz as early as Einstein had left before the gate of the theory of relativity. However, the gate, and it won't be long before you can walk through the door, and not necessarily to art.Nevertheless, Poincare on Einstein's theory has been very cold, and even sometimes also expressed doubt, offensive attitude.
In 1911, Albert Einstein once said, is not the first Sol (Solvay) during the Conference, on the theory of relativity on Poincare is how to take a complete denial of attitude. As Einstein's biographer Lopes (A.Pais) said: this is not what one person alone, rather it is a time of sorrow. They are after all of the older generation of physicists, is not easy to walk out of the shadow of the traditional concept of space and time.When people set off the lightness and objections to the theory of relat
ivity, Einstein said: God is subtle but he is not evil. In Einstein's view, the nature are delicate is proud that it does not let the world easily to reveal the secret of it.After initial resistance, Einstein's theory of relativity in the physics community begin to win the market.
Turning to the achievements of Einstein's 1905, Chicago University cosmologists Turner (MichaelTurner) pointed out: "Einstein in such a way that the public can understand ways changed the physicist's view of the universe. ”Einstein's special theory of relativity himself on for further expansion, 1916 he published the general theory of relativity ", on the Earth's gravity do more explanation.
Einstein thought that, if quality and energy will result in four-dimensional space (3-d space and time) of Flex, then the special theory of relativity and gravitational theory incompatible problem solved. This is the general theory of relativity. Stephen Hawking has commented: "it completely changed the way people on the origin of the universe and the end of the discussion. Static universe might last forever ... But according to general relativity, the big bang represents the origin of the universe, time to start. ”In Zhang Yuan Zhong, this 100 years, special relativity and general relativity is also validated.
The first test of Einstein's special theory of relativity in 1938, when the United States scientists use the Doppler effect — when people away from the source in relative harmony or relatively close the monotone change when you hear — as measuring tools. Since then, various experimental manipulation turns into battle, you can write a book.Demonstration of special relativity, or accompanied on experimental general relativity.
The latter is more difficult to verify, "but now we've got many authentication methods. " In z. Zhang pointed out that general relativity is explained by Newton's theory does not fully explain the perihelion of mercury, and near-predicted a lot of new physical effects, similar to the gravitational redshift, light deflection, radar echoes of time delay, gravitational waves, neutron stars, black holes, and so on, these are mostly has been laboratory confirmed by or astronomical observations.5 extension to reveal the mysteries of the universe
Since the date of the birth of the relativity theory, it-space view revolution greatly expanding the human understanding of the universe.
The secret of time travel, atomic fission energy, the origin of the universe and final, black holes and dark energy, and other strange phenomena, almost hidden in the theory of relativity that a few lines of simple formulas. Thus, the scientists more assiduity to experimental demonstration of the theory of relativity. "Relativistic experiments with no end, like Newton's classical theory, until now we have to do with in the laboratory. " Zhang Yuan Zhong said.Whereas the framework of general relativity on the mysteries of the universe revealed is attracting scientists, not only is the physics community, there are the astronomy community.
In Cosmology, large-scale astronomical observation devices (including ground-based equipment and space equipment) in the first few years of substantial observational data greatly contributed to the big bang cosmological model that predicts a cosmological constant (or dark energy).
From astronomical observations, experiments showed that the universe is now an almost flat and accelerated expansion of the universe; the universe contains approximately 5% of the visible matter, 25% of dark matter and dark energy of 70%。 However, dark matter and dark energy in the part of the problem is not clear.In addition, other new large-scale astronomical observation device has completed or will be built.
Similar to test space bending and spin effects in "gravity probe B" was published on 20 April 2004, in the United States, "was originally the plan after one year of data, but until now has not yet been announced. Zhang Zhong, "these data will enable us to publication of general relativity richer understanding.In fact, the theory of relativity in revealing the mysteries of the universe, but also to the way people think of space.
Similar to the idea of relativity theory suggests that time travel is possible. Since the special theory of relativity that high-speed travel will make the time to slow down, so human being has the potential to return to the past, even down to a few seconds. And more is that relativity, time and space can not be flat, but bent. We can in the Earth and the universe's distant place this "chisel out between two points" a wormhole, as we return to the previous channel. But the experiment on time machine, it is not there to report.Einstein's theory of relativity has opened up a new era, when it will be the turning point?
"on this issue, no one could give an answer. A century of relativistic experience, perhaps remains laboratory road to go down.New thematic interviews reporter Li Jian-
This thematic pictures are information map
This special appreciated:
Zhang Zhong (Institute of theoretical physics research fellow)
NIE-Yu Xin (Institute of physics, research fellow)
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