"Cancer genome project" three issues
24 October, West Lake, 2006 International Genomics Assembly, national elite biological sector.
For this meeting, the United States the Dean of the Faculty of medicine, United States National Human Genome Research Institute, Francis · Collins (FrancisCollins) made up of 57 pages of the PPT file, and the "cancer genome project" content is a priority.Gene boosts "TITLE ="
Gene technology can help humanity to conquer cancer.
Gene boosts "TITLE ="
December 13, 2005, the United States announced the launch of "the cancer genome project".
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List all and cancer-related genes
Collins in the Hangzhou genome assembly cancer Genomics topics of discussion.
In his statement, he had to tell you a story. The hero of the story is called "Hua". The next several years the level of application of gene technology has a direct impact on Hua's life. One possibility is to spend $ 1000 Hua conducted a comprehensive genetic test, set up his own genome map. Through this channel, Hua know their own health and family genetic defects, and can accordingly on your own personal life planning for health. Another version of the story is, Hua on their family history nothing, do not know whether it is easier than other people are suffering from cancer and other diseases on the health hazard potential. Story in the end, Collins on the screen, and played "save Hua" message.The story of "Hua" clearly shows including "the cancer genome project", gene s
equencing project on human life. These works and the "human genome project" link. Detect human genome sequence, read the Holy Scriptures, the only life we know ourselves as a first step, the more important thing is to read "hieroglyphics to carry out a study of genomic features. DNA language even if boring, but once and gene therapy, the exceptionally warm.Subsequently, Collins-"cancer genome project".
United States in December last year, announced the launch of the cancer genome project "advance", for more than two months before the start of formal operation. United States ready to invest $ 100 million, with 3 years in DNA sequences identified with certain cancer-related genes. Considering that fights, lung cancer and ovarian cancer, is a major United States human health problems. The decision to complete the 3 types of cancer gene mapping. Collins is convinced that such a plan to improve human health play a huge role.And the "human genome project", "cancer genome project" also requires the concerted efforts of all worldwide scientists.
Collins said as early as December 13, 2005, the United States announced the "cancer genome project" the next day, he wrote to the Chinese authorities, in cooperation with China. He pointed out that hope to continue to develop the human genome project in a spirit of cooperation, and strive to become the international cooperation projects.In fact, China will soon start the cancer genome project.
Chinese scientists are actively preparing in this area are issued their own sound.Institute of Beijing Genomics Institute Yang Leo said, as the national 863 plan "functional genomics and Proteomics" project, "the cancer genome project" has been published on the website of the Ministry of science and technology, and access to project tendering stage.
China will seriously endanger the health of the high incidence of cancer, a common Chinese local characteristics, good advance cancer research foundation, as well as to discovered cancer pathogenesis have important clinical and scientific significance, 4 types of cancer research. That is multiple, particularly sensitive cancers. However, the specific cancer type has not yet been determined.2 "the cancer genome project" how difficult
Total size can reach 100 "human genome project"
In General, the gene mutation in several situations: some sort of gene may cause problems and was mistakenly cut off; gene error, cause some single cell loss of specific genes; in the replication process, is inserted into the error of DNA molecules, and so on.
Mutation of the gene that may raise some attached strange reaction of DNA molecules.
In the human body found these alien DNA fragment, you can find the disease-causing genes allows.The famous "cystic fibrosis disease genes" is in this way was found.
On cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell division, which cause tumors produce or non-stop growth.
As to what exactly is gene, has long been a popular scientific research.The 1990s, California University researchers Mary-Claire · gold (Mary-ClaireKing) predicted that the decision to familial breast cancer is called BRCA1 gene, chromosome 17 long on a special area
Found that the gene is close to a marker, the marker in several family and together with the genetic disease. Later, the University of Utah's Max menconico, researchers found that the genes BRCA1 gene, and about half of the hereditary breast cancer. The results of these predecessors become everyone's shared resources, medical personnel will be able to use it in a patient's genetic testing.Therefore, the cancer genome project is to collect as much as possible so that cancer cases to find out more and cancer-related genes.
Zhejiang Qi Ming pointed out that human beings have been measured in human knowledge 1293 a gene and disease-related genes, but these only human to 5% of all genes. There are many kinds of cancer, each tumor has its own unique genetic blueprint; even the same cause of cancer-causing. This determines the "cancer genome project" incomparably enormous workload. United States National Cancer Institute, Deputy Director of the Anna · Buck said, it is by far the world's biggest genetic engineering, which has almost worth 100 "human genome project". "Once this is completed, then we can share this data, we do genetic testing to do more. " Qi Ming on this limitless vision.The active involvement of scientists in national cancer genome project at the same time, the end of October, the United States John Moore ·
Hopkins University-based Cancer Center researchers announced that successfully deciphered breast and colorectal cancer of all of the genetic code. For this, China a gene researcher said that US researchers each tumor with 11 samples, test the 1 000-3 000 genes, is close to human gene 60 per cent of the total, it should be said that there is a statistical significance. Certainly exaggerated saying that "all of the genetic code was broken" argument should not be, but it was the most media distortion. By comparison, the cancer genome project will have a larger scale, but the technology line is similar. "This is a systematic study, more comprehensive, more overall, should be collecting as many samples," said Keith Wong.3 "tumor genome" how to use
Find the cause of cancer genes, the remedy
In the last century, scientists discovered a group of genes.
This group contains multiple protein genes can prevent cell division, known as the "tumor suppressor gene." Tumor suppressor genes in pairs, if one of the lost as a result of mutation, another will still be able to function properly. But if the rest of the gene mutates, tumor suppressor structure is completely lost. Inhibition of tumor will not appear, grow up. Where the first genetic mutations are mostly, while the second mutation may occur at random, it will lead to the formation of cancer.p>"Using gene therapy of cancer, could be a misunderstanding that rely on gene. "Qi Ming pointed out that, in fact, gene therapy and other treatments.Qi Ming in particular that the "drug for cancer patients.
The cancer genome project also under each person's genetic traits, analyze their chances of suffering from cancer, to take preventive measures. "For example, for most people, 50 years later there is the possibility of colorectal cancer. But if you have a family history of colorectal cancer, at about 30 may occur during the early symptoms of colorectal cancer.Through genetic testing, you can help them identify problems early.
Individual specificity is also considering the cancer genome project. For each patient to find the most appropriate medicine, is the human genome blueprint for planning for the future. This is Collins in Hangzhou genome Assembly show to our future.So, this Gospel when coming?
Tumor genome sequencing is complete, after extensive screening, get the tumor genome-related information.
This process is a little like "sea election". On this basis, the scientists can build tumor database, and then conduct in-depth research. Once you locate the cause of cancer genes, researchers of the corresponding genes encoding proteins. Then, we can pass on these proteins for control or suppression of their role or remove them, to control tumor growth, cure for cancer. When can make use of human cancer genome project to conquer cancer, Chen Wei of a word: in the future.Nonetheless, researchers on the cancer genome project still full of confidence.
Qi Ming pointed out that, although "the cancer genome project" harder than "human genome project," but "they can't simply compare". In the human genome project, basic researchers is one of the two eyes. "Like a puzzle, you do not know how to spell of what kind of graphics. " By contrast, the cancer genome project involves object is clearer, easier to complete.■ Extension
Genome help bees looking for ancestors
Gene boosts "TITLE ="
Understanding the human genome secrets, our lives will play a decisive role.
Collins has a model. But when the genome sequencing comes to bees, and will bring us a new understanding of how?October 26, "nature" magazine's cover story published bees complete genome sequences.
This is further to the Drosophila, Anopheles after the third kind of animals are complete sequencing. Scientists thus answers the bees "ancestors" source of mystery.From global 63 research institutions in more than 100 scientists "honey bee genome sequencing stat.", after four years of study, they finally deciphered the honey bee genome.
Common name: Apismellifera bee in the past that it comes from Asia and Europe, and the United Kingdom and Spain were brought to the Americas. Scientists ' knowledge through population genetics, by bee full genome sequencing, want to know whether Africa of bees is through hybrid or migration from a "new world" the proliferation of outward.P > results of the bee's ancestors came from Africa. Scientists believe that the most ancient of bees from sub-Saharan Africa, and then gradually spread to every corner of the Eurasian continent, and a suitable to local conditions of evolution. 17 century later came to the Americas, perhaps the hybrid, perhaps the "migration". This discovery break the bees come from a traditional perspective in Eurasia.Joint Group of researchers also found that, relative to other sequencing of insects, bees Gene evolution slowly, very old.
And its in vivo physiological rhythms, aging control, gene, RNA interference with human and other vertebrates of similar genes closer. In addition to this, the scientists have also noted that the competent bee genome in innate immunity, epidermis formation and taste receptor gene number less than other insects, but the smell receptors than other insects and nectar and pollen containing used to take advantage of new genes, the new gene may be a fit of ecological balance and social function.Bee swarm of Division of strict has been amazing.
This, the scientists from the bee's genome also gives reasons bees social division. Scientific researchers pointed out that gene may decide the bee's social division. Similarly, some worker bee nerve centers in the "master gene" of open or closed, will enable the worker bee-bee by care "carer" turned to attack mainly "guard".For similar bee genome sequence of the crack, in Qi Ming seemed to satisfy the mental human curiosity.
However since the Drosophila genome was sequenced, insect genomes sequences for us to understand itself has also played a certain effect, "that's for sure."This special appreciated: Qi Ming (Zhejiang University genetic and genomic medicine Center Director)
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