And say "Goodbye" reality: quantum physics has triggered the ditmarsch tale of how "

And say "Goodbye" the reality of quantum physics was how "fantastic"

Cartoonist's "Schrodinger's cat" cat really is "is both a live and dead" State?

Beijing News weekly of the new knowledge

Quantum theory is acknowledged as the most successful in the history of science, experimental results consistent with the best theory, but on the other hand, it and human daily life experience so out of place.

Today, many experimental physicists still verify this theory in 80 years ago, the basic assumptions made.

Physicists still headache for this theory. Famous physicists Feynman once said: "I am sure, now no one can understand the quantum mechanics. " Despite a century of history has gone through, it also has numerous mystery has yet to be solved.

1 micro and macro, fire and water are not compatible

Physicists often said how "traditional physics, quantum physics is that how to how to" or "objective reality, but in how quantum world is how to how to" this "story".

Quantum physicists tell us that the substance was measured before was uncertain. "Uncertainty" is the basic rule of the quantum world. "Observations" is not determined by the quantum world and determine the transformation of reality. Then, the mystery of the quantum world and the everyday world is able to compatible? in classical limit situations, through rational approximation, quantum theory can automatically transition to the classical theory of physics world. But how to describe both the interface in the world, has become one of the quantum theory to undercut the Campo. Until now, the theoretical physicists still failed to be taken properly.

"Copenhagen school" believes that the material was observed before, it is in a superposition of uncertainty.

In order to refute this view that quantum mechanics at the macro level are incomplete, Germany physicist Schrodinger designed physics history's most famous animals: Schrodinger's cat.

This is a thought experiment: opaque box contained a cat, box another atomic decay, Atom be random decayed, once the decay occurs, it will stimulate a series of chain reaction, the ultimate break the boxes of gas cans and poisoned cat CAT are live, on the contrary.

In the Open box observation that moment before, Atomic decay and the life of a cat is a superposition, only when you open the box of the moment, only the cat's life. Therefore, before you open the box, the cat is dead and is alive. The problem is that the reality of what might be the "cat is dead and living"? our common sense, the cat either dead or alive. Quantum theory does not explain the real world, this became the quantum theory of numerous puzzles in the mystery of the most mysterious.

"Schrodinger's cat" appears, physics and philosophy in the territories in respect of the objective world and human consciousness decision factors have had a great discussion: If a person's observation to determine the fate of the cat, is people's consciousness will determine the direction of the objective world?

2 one world, many of the universe?

"Although I support in numerous universe there are countless Sheldon ' parallel universe theory ', I still like you that none of the universe I will dance with you.

" The life of the big bang", "drifting" Sheldon so reply Belle Penny's invitation to dance.

In order to solve real world problems, numerous compatible physicists tried various theories, probably the most famous is the 1950s of the rise of "parallel universe" (multiple world theory).

Support for this theory of scientists think that the "Schrodinger's cat" experiment, box before being open observation, the cat is in a State of the dead and living, as the cat at the same time is different in the "universe".

Some of the "universe" is alive in the cat, "universe," the cat is dead. Sounds are not strange? but this theory indeed successfully avoid many problems, the micro and macro world linked together.

However, even now, this theory is still so fashionable, it could not understand.

The last 20 years, it began to be concerned about, and become a popular theory of quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking even this theory used to explain the spatial-temporal journey: because of the existence of a parallel universe, the timeline produced a fork, a multiple "history", it is therefore possible to time travel. This interpretation also solved before in time and space travel in the past on "kill me" paradox.

Now, "many world theory" evolution of the "space shuttle" has become a lot of topics in science fiction works.

But this theory is strictly follow mathematical equations to the evolution of the results, provided that all the "universe" is inclusive in the same "space", and "time" is a multi-dimensional, Stephen Hawking's "time travel" worm hole "currently only exists on the theoretical level, there is no physical evidence of its existence.

3 quantum entanglement, challenge the speed of light

"Entanglement" phenomenon is that a particle decay into two particles moving in opposite directions, at the same will happen to the left or right of spin.

If one of the particle "l-", the other must occur "right". Both maintain overall conservation. That is, two in the "entanglement" of particles, no matter how far apart, while measurement is the "perception" of each other's status. So, how do the two particles instantaneous communication, this perception is superluminal, whether thisContrary to the theory of relativity?

In quantum mechanics, micro material may indeed show and in everyday life, contrary to common sense.

"In the physical world, certain defined speed can go beyond the speed of light in vacuum, but so far, no one can give a convincing experiment results support the ' physical signal can go beyond this vacuum of light ' thesis. "The key laboratory of quantum information science Academy Director Zhou Wei stressed.

In the real world, it is not possible in person and some induction between the stones, the rocks, without touching it.

But the moment induction may occur in the quantum world. Einstein's dissatisfaction with the "quantum entanglement" called "the distant creepy behavior."

Since the second half of the 20th century, various types of experiments, it was confirmed that all kinds of extra-terrestrial phenomena occur.

In 1982, a physicist at the University of Paris, confirmed that the subatomic particles emitted in the opposite direction, the campaign can still interact with each other. In 2008, Geneva University physicist once again to conduct a similar experiment. This time, two mutual induction of particles are more than 17 km. Austria scientists czeilinger (AntonZeilinger) even in two separated 144 km of island between observed phenomena of quantum entangled photons.

Nevertheless, still no one can make physical signals beyond the speed of light.

4 quantum theory is not "absolute truth"

Quantum theory is the emergence of the 20th century the most successful theory, it becomes a modern physics and relativity of two foundation stones, but the two are mutually inclusive between cornerstone, is incomplete.

Relativity is a great way to explain problems such as spatial and temporal distortion, changed the human concept of time and space; quantum theory of assumptions while constantly been laboratory confirmed, it might also be able to help people understand why the universe in the abstract, but always unable to explain the quantum world and macro-world interface on what happened.

In order to quantum theory and the theory of relativity, visions emerged as "quantum gravity" and the "

Superstrings" and other more complicated theory. Certainly, if a substitute for quantum theory, it will first explain why existing experiments to be able to meet the quantum theory.

Feynman once said, "we have to remember that perhaps one day the quantum theory can be proved unsuccessful because it and our daily life experience, philosophy is so different.

”

While the theoretical physicists have wishes to say also in the physical magazine published the quantum physics in retrospect, "one article expressed his opinion:" all the experiments so far have affirmed the correctness of quantum mechanics, but this only shows that it is in mankind thus far, practice and field is correct.

Quantum mechanics is not the absolute truth. Quantum mechanics is not, nor is it possible to close people better understand the nature of the road. Quantum mechanics and general relativity does not resolve the contradictions between. ”

New thematic interviews/reporter Kim Yu

This special appreciated:

Who would like to say (Peking University, theoretical physicists,

The introduction to quantum mechanics author)

Zhou Wei (key laboratory of quantum information sciences Deputy Director)

Zhou Shan-GUI (Institute of theoretical physics research fellow)

Cao Yuan (science writer)

Theoretical computer research center, Tsinghua University