Broken "Poincare conjecture" and refused "mathematics Nobel large dull" in a few

To solve the "make a decisive contribution to the Poincare", "unsociability refused to get" mathematics Nobel Perelman: large number of "lips"

Perelman sings, he took a few pieces of work.

Information Beijing news pictures of the new knowledge weekly

Historically, many scientists have a strange character, scientists, mathematicians in is more personal to odd, but the "odd mathematician" typical representative is from Russia of Perelman.

Talk about Perelman, apart from the mentioned he cracked the Poincare conjecture, the famous refused to receive the highest honor in the field of "fields" award at the core of the subject was his distinctive character. Recently, a new biography of the genius and century mathematical breakthrough story "will this have strange character of great mathematicians of the secret life of the people.

1 abandon fame

Rejection of "fields" and millions award

In 1904, France made a mathematician Poincare conjecture, use three-body space to help understand the shape of the universe.

This conjecture is the topology of a key to development. In 2000, the United States, a private research institutions Clare of mathematical Research Institute (ClayMathematicsInstitute) announced that the world's largest math challenges a reward of $ 7 million award. Anyone solved any one of the challenges, will receive $ 1 million in prize money. "The Poincare conjecture" is one of the seven major challenges, some challenges include computer — the first puzzle "PVs.NP", named "Yang Yang-Mills theory" as well as the most important in the field of mathematical conjecture "Riemann hypothesis", etc. For the seven challenges, many scientists struggle a lifetime of trouble or decades of time, and eventually give up. People wonder, the Institute sent out even a penny.

In the end, "the seven challenges attack not broken" mantra was broken.

In 2002, a man named Grisha Perelman high lane · (GrigoriPerelman) Russia mathematicians solve "Poincare conjecture".

In published in preprint literature library arxiv.org a series of articles, using concise language Perelman swept away the Poincare conjecture "proved" the ultimate obstacle.

He's proving quite feasible that the mathematical community shocked the world. At the same time, the Grapevine is not big news in math circle: it seems the mathematician born on reputation not interested, simply express themselves on the network, and do not intend to formally published his thesis. He continued to live in his apartment in St. Petersburg, occasionally accept media interviews, but almost no contact with the outside world.

In 2006, China announced separately, unlocks a mathematician in the Poincare conjecture.

However, some scholars have argued that their conclusion in fact refers to Perelman's results. The matter was raised enormous controversy. However, I am not on Perelman this statement, he looks more closed.

That year, magazine "Science" to "the maximum annual scientific breakthrough" in name recognition, the Poincare conjecture Perelman to crack, this is a mathematical jieshou time admitted his achievements.

Shortly afterwards, the field of the Nobel Prize "fields" prize was awarded the Perelman, this is the international mathematical Union on his official recognition. However, his move again alerted world — he had refused to receive the Nobel Prize in mathematics, the reason is simple, "this award and I have no relationship. If evidence is correct that everyone can understand it, you don't need anything for sure. ”

Perelman also rejected the Clay Mathematics Institute million dollar reward, if you want to receive this award, he must be published in the related authoritative math journals.

He did not do so. More surprisingly, not long after, Perelman just quits his Secretary, Steklov mathematical Institute, his resignation letter, so it is written: "I'm tired of mathematics, I want to do something different. ”

2 growth process

"Solitary of mathematical genius"

Some people think that individuality isolated always Perelman poor and people, "retreat" life is not surprising; it has been suggested that Perelman and the Institute has contradictions, as he explains the Poincare conjecture, his colleagues but intentionally ignores this fact; it was also considered that, despite the difficult problem to solve the world Perelman, but he did not receive the "fields" award, because of extreme poverty to take out travel to.

But about Perelman's latest biography, focused on the post-Soviet era Russia journalists of intellectuals Kasem (MashaGessen) believes that Perelman is a really small and quiet, solitary but Super clever mathematical genius, but let him self isolation with the rest of the world, or because of his perfect extreme pursuit.

In 1966, Perelman was born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in an ordinary Jewish intellectuals family, the father is electrical engineer, and Perelman growing up important role.

He is like using a variety of logical and mathematical challenges to challenge the wisdom of his son. He gave his son a lot of books, taught him to play chess, Perelman's mother is a math teacher, his sister and later also became a mathematician. However, only the Perelman've showed remarkable talent for mathematics. 14-year-old, Perelman have become important in St. Petersburg math club member. St. Petersburg Center of math geniuses, Reyes gold (SerygeyRukshin) began to teach Perelman's learning. Two years later, Perelman to a perfect full marks obtained in those international mathematics Olin sebec competition gold medal.

Perelman while solitary, but very friendly,

Whether on the friends or classmates, he was very friendly. Outside of his own in mathematics or are interested in, for instance, hewill listen to Opera, will be reckoned living expenses.

16-year-old, Perelman entered Leningrad State University study, soon to be arrangements to advanced geometry class in school.

His performance was completely amazed by his teacher boulaygue (YuriBurago): "Perelman's answer is always correct, he was always very careful, very careful checking. He was unhappy, for him to velocity no relationship. Math is not about the speed, depth. "He's the New York Guest interview. During the break, play table tennis, Perelman will play his mother taught his violin. Once you have encountered a problem, in small Perelman's own desk repeatedly play a table-tennis, scratched his chin, low moaning until you solve the problem.

3 United States visiting scholar

Picking mushrooms of mathematicians

Perelman to College when I dress, long nails to the bending.

He just wants in a well-known national mathematics is the study of mathematics in candid, his dream has come true. Late 1980s, Perelman to a piece of the "European geometry" thesis finished the Leningrad State University doctoral research project. Later, he joined the Division of the Steklov mathematical Institute, rising to a shining star in mathematics.

In 1992, he was invited to the United States and the State University of New York, New York University for a year of access.

In the United States, still weird Perelman personality and lifestyle. He wore the same every day a corduroy brown jacket, only Russia black bread, cheese and fermented milk, fingernails grow a few inches long. "He's like strange monks RASP Ding, hair flying, giant long finger nails. " UCLA mathematician green (RobertGreene) described the road. Although Perelman seldom dealing with people, the United States colleagues still like him. Perelman Russia will also be a hobby to the United States: he would ride a bike to go mushroom in the forest.

Perelman is a slovenly

mathematician. Information pictures

Perelman in the United States a very important stage was later to the Center for advanced study at Princeton University, a weekly lecture.

At the same time, Perelman also recognize the important from around the world, such as Joseph mathematician Livingstone (WilliamThurston) and Hamilton (Richard Hamilton).

Their research on Perelman had a large impact.

Subsequently, Perelman was given a scholarship from the University of California, Berkeley, in a speech in which he first disclosed the Poincare conjecture for compromise.

Perelman in Berkeley released a few important papers and participated in the 1994 International Conference of mathematicians, many United States and Israel universities like the young mathematicians as red. However, some strange thing happened, Perelman refuses to Stanford University to submit your resume for a position, that if the University is familiar with his work, it does not need a resume. Similarly, he also turned down some research institutions in Europe.

In 1995, left the United States, Perelman returned to St. Petersburg.

He told friends, themselves in the United States earns enough he half life. He moved back to his mother's apartment and mother, and have always lived with his mother. The next few years, he will own most of the time closed in the apartment, he almost very little contact with my colleagues, there is no other mathematicians in the world. Although he could get from the Internet some math circles of the latest news, but he has totally immersed in their own research — until 2002 when online express their research results. This finally completed his life's greatest achievements.

In Russia, Perelman's reputation has already surpassed his mathematics achievement, he became a lot of gossip, jokes and cartoons in the role, but in the field, he remains one of the most distinguished mathematicians.

As the evaluation of the New York Times, he explains the Poincare, "is a mathematical development, is also a milestone in the development of human thought."

This version compiles/reporter Kim Yu

【 The Awakening Patch 】

● The Poincare conjecture

France mathematician Poincare conjecture by 1904, i.e. in a three-dimensional space, if each closed curve can shrink into a point, the space must be a ball.

It simply is: every no hole closed three-dimensional objects, all of topology is equivalent to the three-dimensional sphere.

• Phil Medal

This is an international mathematical Union International Congress on the issuing of a mathematician.

Every four years the award once, each time winning a maximum of four people. Winners in this year's 40-year-old former desired dissatisfaction. It is as far as Canada mathematician John · Charles · Phil's requirements. Phil's award is regarded as the Nobel Prize in mathematics.

●arXiv

By physicist Paul ·

Kings Bagh in 1991 established website, intended to collect paper physics preprint, enclosed and astronomy, mathematics, and other areas. Today's mathematicians and scientists used the papers first uploaded to arxiv.org, and then submitted to professional journals.

● Strange monks RASP Ding

Russians Nikolai II of Mystic, good at hypnosis.

Because the Prince Alexei's treatment of work but you can get free access to the Court. RASP Ding holds enormous influence on QueenAnd even the appointments are to obtain his consent. 1916, he was political assassinations.