See the Internet this 40 years!

Military system evolution into Unicom tools, technical progress prosperity network life, Internet 40 years!

Beijing News weekly of the new knowledge

The 1970s scientists use of computer and network systems.

Figure/ computer History Museum Web site you remember the first handheld mice, rusty and move to the screen with a blue hyperlink text, and "drop" point the? remember the first by email, with ten or two fingers carefully played himself said? remember you see Google pages, but they did not understand what it is? remember immediately occupy your entire life BBS, QQ, online games, and blogs?

Now we browse the Internet on a daily basis, to speak naturally to the Internet as part of our lives, the Internet, we habitually look.

However, this year, we should head back, because whether you believe it or not, our Internet Uncle already 40 years old.

1 a thousand miles "downtime"

In the summer of 1969, United States just two men on the moon.

This is considered a landmark event. 29 October, another landmark event happened quietly, Internet history the earliest map of two nodes are concatenated. University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) engineers ready to 600 kilometers outside of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) to send data, log on to the latter computer science data system, enter the login command "LOGIN" (login). One letter per hit, they would give Stanford called asked whether there was received.

Young graduate Keeling (CharleyKline) on the computer a knock, Stanford has received the L, he knocked at "O", have received.

However, enter "G", the Stanford computer system crashed. In the evening they test again, and finally successfully sent the password. "LO" into Internet delivery of the first message.

This test, "ARPANET" (ARPANET), the United States manufacturing network is now the Internet's predecessor.

If the concept of "from the ARPANET, the history of the Internet is far more than 40 years. As early as 1957, United States Department of Defense to establish a "Senior Research Department" (ARPA), their next research project is information processing, is responsible for building the ARPANET.

1960s, people use computers, by using paper tape and punch machine.

"People want to be a problem, start the program and data with perforation machine playing in a paper tape, then give it to a computer operator. The operator put tape through the paper tape machine entered into the computer, the computer calculates the results, then use the Clipper to a stack of paper card. "Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher at the Institute of computing technology Xu zhiª²wei introduction. At this point, the ARPANET projects by a psychologist Lee Clyde believes that the future of computer can handle the user in real time. His fantasy future world all computers are United into one. He took the computer network is called "thinking," is like a huge library, but the functionality of the library.

Early 1980s European scientists use computer and network systems.

2 small network connection into big network

"The Internet is there, in accordance with the ' born in all things, there is no ' reason was born.

" Xu zhiª²wei said. Many scientists contributed to this process from scratch. Initially, people's communication method is inefficient "exclusive line" method. People on the phone in use accustomed to this method, but to a computer network, would not be able to support multiple users of interactive computing, while in "packet switching" theory, information such as text, images, audio and video is cut into appropriate small unit, known as the "package". Communication lines can transmit at a second many packages from different users, this greatly improves line utilization.

Soon, the ARPANET at Harvard and the Mas

sachusetts Institute of technology, Ethernet, router technologies to further promote the growth of the ARPANET. However, the ARPANET was only a single network. At that time, scientists have already appeared in locations around the world other packet switching network such as the satellite network, in order to put the network and the gap between network segments, the scientists created the TCP/IP protocol.

"This kind of thinking, network communication is divided into levels, each level only implements a specific feature.

" Xu zhiª²wei said. For example, the physical layer of capabilities is the communication content from the same physical network, a computer to another computer, the IP layer is a "package" from one physical network to another physical network, each layer with the "envelope" manner, with a layer of seal, plus some information in this layer, called a "header". Used to tell the network and the destination computer how to process the packet. "This is a little like the post office delivers the letters, each letter is a package that contains the content of the information itself is the envelope information is TCP/IP packet headers. ”

Small mesh into big network, ARPANET became the Internet.

Internet world map, network node pinged spread. October 1969, experimental, ARPANET nodes only two. The 1974, only dozens of nodes. However, the 1986 season increased to 5000 points. By 1992, the Internet has more than 100 000 nodes.

The first network cameras

Like the header by Oxford University researchers set up to monitor the coffee has been cooked. Information pictures

3 history began from the World Wide Web

In the Internet spread quickly in the world at the same time, a series of profound technology are constantly emerging.

The scientific community a lot of people have started using BBS to discuss academic problems.

Developed the FTP program Eng

ineer Tom linsheng in fast complete FTP program that, since the two computers can transfer files, also should be able to send e-mail. So he tries to use @ this symbol the user name and domain name. E-mail technology soon. The popularity of the "email prompting the Internet is an important rule: to improve interpersonal communications skills (and not just people and machines, or machines and machine communication), you will get popular. " Xu zhiª²wei said.

The Internet although soon spread all over the world at various universities and research institutions, but only limited to research, education and Government use.

Extensive application or from the last century, 90 years after the start of the World Wide Web. It will be the Internet into ordinary people's side. Like e-mail, World Wide Web is an application of the Internet, but now to 3 W to flags of the World Wide Web became popular in the Internet's most extensive one application.

The birth of the World Wide Web without the European nuclear energy Institute (CERN) work in the United Kingdom scientist Lee (TimBerners-Lee).

Lee and his colleagues made a hypertext, Universal Resource Locator (URL), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) concept, so that any Internet can point to a file to another file or a file within a paragraph. Lee in 1989, an article in their invention called the World Wide Web (WORLDWIDE WEB). Soon, almost all countries have access to this large network, "the world".

The following happened, do not say you know: the performance begins.

Interviews/Beijing News reporter Kim Yu