Chinese version of the first public appearance Lunar Rover
This December, "Chang-a" satellite will shipped standby;
in April next year, "Chang'e 1" from the Xichang satellite launch base straight into the vast and Palace. Chinese lunar exploration program has entered a phase of implementation. 2012, China's first soft landing for the landing surface.Lunar exploration program on the cause of China's deep space exploration.
From here onwards, a series of deep space probe will gradually enter people's perspective. "Lunar Rover" is one of the first team.China space Design Institute Energia of Lunar Rover in desert experiment.
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United States manufacturing of Sojourner Rovers.
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The former Soviet Union design and manufacture of the first Lunar Rover.
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United States scientists drawn space intelligent detectors plan.
This is a "collective activities"
The Zhuhai air show has just ended, led by the Research Institute of China space, set many scientific research institutes, research results in a Lunar Rover debut.
Previously, Harbin Institute of technology has made over a "six-wheel arm bogie" Lunar Rover, you can see the famous Mars surface probes "Sojourner Rovers" (Sojourner) shadow. Shanghai Jiao Tong University also produced a beautiful bright "small spider pedestrian" Lunar Rover. By contrast, the debut of the Lunar Rover looks usual — glittering, six wheels,three on the "eye", six high-definition camera every few seconds it will take around photos.This is the number of results of scientific research units.
Harbin Institute of technology, is primarily responsible for making it mobile systems and chassis, Shenyang Institute of automation is the picker.Chang'e works of the first stage is the "round", a satellite similar probes, fly around the Moon, complete scientific mission.
The second stage is the "fall", launching a soft landing, and the Moon's surface rovers. The third step is to launch a sampling returned to launch Lander and address increased return to Earth of technical problems.Two years ago, Jia Yang and Chen new, dozens of researchers together start contact Lunar Rover prototype development work.
"At that time the Chang'e project has begun. Lunar Rover is the highlight of the second phase project. "Jia Yang is the" Chinese Academy of space technology research group in charge of the Lunar Rover ". He explained that "this is a special kind of spacecraft to the Moon's surface movement, adapting the Moon environment, complete the mission. And satellites around the Earth, there are differences of manned spacecraft. ”In his impression, China Research Institute of space technology to manufacture Lunar Rover prototype, the domestic development of Lunar Rover has presented the "Dukes of disputes".
Harbin Institute of technology, Beihang University, Tsinghua University, Shenyang Institute of automation, Shanghai Jiaotong University, etc., at least 14 research units are related research and development. Jia Yang pointed out that many of the research unit in previous studies is a Lunar Rover from and related to the angle. With the "Chang", various "Lunar Rover" gradually move closer to it. He spoke of the "mobile technology" for example, units of the independent study of the "work in the next part of the project, but not all. China's space technology and research, intervention, and is generally considered. Comprehensive analysis of the mobile system that also includes navigation control, detection, thermal capacity, etc. ”The team seriously learned other research units in mobile, navigation areas of work experience, already with many of the research unit forming a Union, and created a prototype of the air show.
He said this was a Lunar Rover must be assembled in China's Lunar Rover development work all of the benefits.Which a Lunar Rover wins "Chang engineering"?
Shanghai Jiao Tong University "Lunar Rover" project leader Dr its new represents the positive factors to take into account the diverse, "says every research units are able to share the results." Jia Yang also said that the ultimate Moon of May is a Lunar Rover as overall focal points, many family work together.Each technology is playing in the name of China on
As in Sun's view, the overall shape is a Lunar Rover, a recipe box, six wheels, through a rocker arm suspension system connection.
Car front-end above several cameras, detecting landscape fluctuations around. Behind the set up of a directional antenna. In the Lunar Rover on the receiving end of the arm, arm has a "core sampler" grinding machine, and monthBuggy internal is logging road radar. "The future is truly-month Lunar Rover also need to make some improvements, we now can see the Lunar Rover manifests is realization of functions of technical thinking method and the future of the same or similar. ”November 17, 1970, the former Soviet Union's "Moon 17" probes to the Moon, released the first in the true sense of the Lunar Rover.
Subsequently, the United States of "Apollo 15," spaceship will mankind first piloted Lunar Rover sent last month. Cao its new pointed out that at present the results of the research team will not be able to escape the shadow of overseas Lunar Rover.However, China's Lunar Rover is not a clone of the product.
Jia Yang pointed out that, despite the deep space exploration of international cooperation, relatively easy, but "Lunar Rover" related core technology must also implement independent development, and gradually break. The "key technologies", not just engineering technology, also including simulated Lunar environment and other research projects. Only the technology go hand in hand in order to let the Moon Lunar Rover detection work becomes a reality.For example, in the Earth's surface simulation Lunar gravity.
From the principle, that there are a number of ways: hang up with balloons, planes simulates weightlessness, and so on. But specific to the practice of details, all kinds of methods with the reality of the Moon, exploration success also requires the efforts of the Chinese researchers. "In this sense, this is a Chinese Lunar Rover. Mobile autonomous control, navigation, ... , Every technology will play on China's name. ”Jia Yang further pointed out that, at present, the Lunar Rover level compared with foreign countries, there is a big gap, but because of the space technology development, "we have a good basis for this work.
Catch up with the time and not be too long. ”Do not stop at the Moon
"Lunar Rover on technology in other aerospace technology will be applied.
If we resolve on the Moon, the ability of independent control, that can be increasing in the earth around the spacecraft, "Jia Yang said that in the event of failure by that time, the spacecraft will have their own maintenance, this non-deep space exploration areas is a major technological advance."There is a continuity in the Lunar Rover research.
Key technologies have, in addition to the Moon, a bit of modification you can also use input-Mars. "New Chao it said," the future we would like to engage in deep space exploration Institute, if not a Lunar Rover, but also Mars, moon base, built in the various robots. "Of course, not only will the car of Mars Rovers to change a name on the list. Considering that the Moon and Mars planet on the environment, the Rovers will make the appropriate improvements, but the move, navigation, autonomous framework or consistent.In fact, as early as 2004, Beihang University has attempted to design the first Mars probes.
This detector called "Mars Pathfinder", is based on NASA's "Rover", design for the prototype. "Mars Pathfinder" has six wheels, wheels between independent drive, each wheel has two engines.More importantly, the research results for Lunar Rover not only can only be applied to detection of the universe.
In Jia Yang and other researchers, the research also Lunar Rover on some other ground technology. Wheels on the lunar surface could go, but also to promote the development of the ground mechanics. In addition, the two eyes Lunar Rover, embodies the binocular vision. Be moved to the vehicle on the planet, using computer driving, people can sleep at night when driving.■ Depth
Overcome difficulties in the Lunar Rover manufacturing
Difficulty 1 gravity
The Moon is Earth's gravity 1/6. that means that quality is 50 kg, in the face of the Earth by gravity of about 500 cattle.
The Moon's surface, approximately 80 cows. Therefore, the Moon's surface and the soil is very soft, Lunar Rover road efficiency will be reduced.Difficulty 2 road
The Moon's surface rough pavement, stones, a meteorite crater, there is a slope.
In this case, the design of the wheels would need to overcome obstacles, cannot slip or roll-over, must be forward, backward, turning, climbing, everything in line.Difficulties 3 temperature
A rotation of the Moon cycle, tempera
ture difference of 310 ° c can be achieved. Monthly surface so rapidly changing temperature environment will allow the rapid ageing of rubber, the Lunar Rover tire to the use of special materials, to overcome the difference in temperature.Difficult 4 artificial intelligence
Lunar Rover is an intelligent robot, you need the independent capacity to deal with a variety of environments.
Since the distance is too far, not through remote control approach to feedback. Lunar Rover will need to configure several sensors, aware of the surrounding environment, its attitude, location and other information, or in the car through the ground to form three-dimensional topographic apparatus. Then edit direction, sketch out the path to the destination point, and navigation Rover went to the destination.5 power supply problems
The Moon's rotation causes month of diurnal variation.
Moon day, equivalent to approximately 27 days on Earth is slightly more. Therefore, the moon night interval equivalent to approximately 14 days on Earth. That is, the Moon subsequent Lunar Rover, up toTo work continuously for 14 days, after entering the Moonlight, because you cannot pass solar energy power generation into hibernation. After 14 days, and can automatically wake up.This special appreciated:
● Ouyang ziyuan (academician, Chinese lunar exploration program Chief Scientist)
● Jia Yang (China Academy of space technology in General, Deputy Director of Department of deep space exploration room)
● Cao its new (Professor, school of mechanical engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
Special reports/reporter Li Jian-
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