Chinese scientific expedition team first visits the Himalayas Mt.
Side Chin Tao, researcher at the Institute of geology and Geophysics, the scope of the study have tectonic, structural geology, rock and ore deposits, etc.
Had participated in the Kekexili, Himalaya, Xinjiang and so on dozens of subjects.The photo has the second largest Canyon in the world of Carrigan de Grand Canyon.
It is second only to the East African Rift.Expedition team have just returned from the Lumbini (Buddhism founder Sakyamuni Buddha's birthplace, is located in southern Nepal Terai Plains, India is only 20 km) to start soon, side Chin Tao will stop, and then continue to get somewhere, and then stop, this turns up a few times.
Attract the scientist eyes, it is those who can prove that the Himalayas uplift of rock.Institute of geology and Geophysics Professor side Chin Tao is in Northern Himalayan South China International integrated scientific expedition team members, 15 October this year, the expedition team begins on the north slope of the Himalayan mountain for a month-long journey, "the scientific exploration, China on the Himalayas expedition more, we should also be left on their own footprint.
" Recently, after the end of the expedition, side Chin Tao and other researchers also collected from the South at once on the" baby ".Australian Antarctic plate theory India, hundreds of millions of years ago is a
"From $ 65 million years ago to the Tethys sedimentary strata, and $ 500 million years ago of the year to India plate cover layer of sedimentary rocks, these characteristics are not found in the northern slope of the Himalayas.
" Side Chin Tao describe southern expedition.Over the past 30 years, the Chinese sc
ientists have in China to the Himalayas to the North zone is a large number of scientific investigation. Side Chin Tao has repeatedly visited mountains in the North. "However, I really want to read and understand the Himalayas, the South is indispensable. " Therefore, let the Chinese in the southern area of research is sound, that is the focus of this expedition.Relative to the life of the object, the rock solidified silent.
However, in side Chin Tao, Geologist, rock will speak. Their own implication on Earth evolution of knowledge. Mankind to understand the Earth must also seek to rock."In Tibet lamb Zhuo yumco near an area of approximately 1 million square kilometres of dark rock, these dark rock is the ancient era mantle plume activities remains" left side Chin Tao in the previous survey to the Tibet region, it noted that this kind of dark rock.
This time, the Himalayas and South slope of the expedition, he again proposed, 1.5 billion years ago, India plate, Australia and Antarctica plate tectonic plate is not separate from, and is part of the continent of Gondwana (see C07 Edition new patches), then the region's mantle plume activities very often. This is the first Chinese scientists to explain the reasons for the separation of the three major sections.Side Chin Tao said they had traced back the three major sections of the campaign, according to sheep Zhuo yumco dark rock composition analysis.
The results of the analysis show that can be found at the mantle of hot material from the junction with the mantle of the Earth, a column to rise. In the Gondwana lower Continental lithosphere, began to spread, mobile, and formed on the top and spread by two forces. These two forces resulted in Gondwana's further cracking and directly caused India plate, Australia and Antarctica plate tectonic plate, resulting in the Indian Ocean. The "plate movement resulted in the displacement of the plates, also use this information to such geological rock," side Chin Tao think Rock is the Earth gave us a book after seeing.However, most want to read a thousand Tao is an animal with algae activities traces of stromatolite, "such as stromatolites, then and in North, Xinjiang stromatolite discovered a comparative study, can reveal about 10 billion years ago, the Himalayas and China's hinterland.
”Canyon expedition plate divided up the second largest Canyon in the world
Altitude 8167 metres of road jirira peak mysterious, it is with the foot of the world's second largest Canyon called Carrigan de Grand Canyon.
Carrigan de Grand Canyon trip is within all rely on foot.
Side Chin Tao, follow the guide through the Grand Canyon and found a lot of near North rift system.He felt Carrigan de Grand Canyon is a typical rift system, this is possible and not scientists point of Nepal is too different.
"The Himalayas has strong East-West stretch, resulting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Uplift is restricted.
The stronger the East-West stretch, it is no longer the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift, North and South to begin forming rift system. The formation of the rift of water to create conditions of eroded, as the terrain height difference, the water velocity is quick, put the Grand Canyon erosion harder, more and more deeply, the final formation of the second largest Canyon in the world. ”Side Chin Tao felt, in the Himalayas region or you can find many supporting plate collision theory, "in this area is clearly showed," side Chin Tao said that through this scientific expedition to the Yarlung Tsangpo River, see River Canyon is apparent when compared to the downstream stenosis.
The expedition team Chief Scientist Zhang Jing's "hand-picked", explained side Chin Tao, nimu-renbu paragraph Canyon is located in the North of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Canyon is gangdise Hill, belonging to the southern edge of the Eurasian plate. Himalayan North to the South is the canyon rim of hyperplasia.As the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift, Himalayas and gangdise mountains also uplifting, so the water have also been raised.
But the collision form of suture
Bring on the mechanical properties of weak, because the rock is more complex, not hard, resistant to erosion ability is relatively weak, and the water flows down the erosion effects are relatively strong, the formation of the Canyon.Explore Tours twice a scientific expedition discovered two deposits
A military backpack, a magnifying glass, a hammer, this is the starting side Chin Tao expedition of classic costume.
Now, they are placed in a corner of the Office's side. Talk about these costume, side Chin Tao said a phrase: to find baby. In fact, the scientific exploration of the geologists, apart from the found to explain the evolution of rock the Earth, geology and mineral resources is full of charm.In 1990, side Chin Tao took part in the Kekexili expedition, it is the Chinese on the Kekexili first expedition.
Although called "no man's land", but when the side Chin Tao and other scientific expedition team members in 16 years ago in this land, this is not a lonely world, "that is green, the Tibetan antelope. " While most side Chin Tao Miss or earth left in this land of baby — Kekexili Malan Yamamura gold. "Geologists working one of which is to find those minerals," recalls 16 years ago, still hold the edge Chin Tao find minerals share enthusiasm.Expedition team had no intention to study the Hoh XIL regionof.
However, a Sunday, but on the side of the Chin Tao near regionof interest. "Accompanying my two colleagues, one of which is the tube food," side Chin Tao remember particularly well, because the three people in search of a mountain in the morning, without any results. Some members proposed to down.While the three preparation returns, side Chin Tao saw the feet of the mountains in a stone.
He tried, he knocked out some grain jindou, a gold "was born". >But 16 years after the expedition, is still a magnifying glass, a hammer, still looking for legacy on the Earth. As a result, the Eastern Himalayan orogen North belt fruit-Groove, and a mineral is side Chin Tao, figuring out, "this is the symbiosis of metamorphic rocks of the Proterozoic quartzite magnet iron ore-rich, this means that one-third of the total area of the high Himalaya Himalayan metamorphic belt region have formed such iron constituents, there might be a prospect of rich iron ore reservoir," side Chin Tao noted that ADP area iron ore belongs to the magnet quartzite, is a rich, magnetite content in more than 80 per cent. This iron ore production in high Himalayan metamorphic belt, 10 million years ago, and metamorphic rocks in the common build."Found the ore, as well as on the Himalayas Mt. read one aspect of it.
”■ The Awakening Patch
The ancient continent of Gondwana
Also known as Gondwana ancient land, is a hypothetical exists in the southern hemisphere continent, also known as the southern continent, India in the middle of Gondwana place.
In India the peninsula, from the Carboniferous to lower Jurassic including its glacial features to more upper coal-bearing strata, are collectively referred to as "Gondwana (Rock)". Southern hemisphere continents are found to be similar to the era of strata and fossils, according to the similarity and other evidence that would give the reasoning for the reunification of the continent is named Gondwana ancient land.■ Interview
Side Chin Tao: the Himalayas will no longer have a
Beijing News: during this expedition, you put the Himalayas has now reached its maximum height, the future will not be long too high, millions of years later also appears to decline?
Side Chin Tao: ADP is the Indian Ocean, moist flow across the Himalayas important water vapor channel, we can put here as a Valley, and the yangbajing Rift Valley belong t
o the same. The rift in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, there are six or seven, they are something to pull sheet strength. This power of extensional will offset the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift force. Therefore, the Himalayas have generally close to the highest point, and will not be long too much.Beijing News: October 2005, the results of re-measuring announced "Everest small" has become a focus of attention.
How do you see?Side Chin Tao: uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the uplifting of the Himalaya mountain has been the tectonic academic focus.
This expedition, at Lumbini nearby, you can see a geological sections. The rock about generated on over 200 million years ago, is the Himalayas uplift at low altitude over water erosion formation sedimentary rocks after, this rock is proof of the Himalayas uplift of important evidence.At present, the Himalayas has entered the stage after the orogenic movement.
Everest is small, there are many factors. But on another level, it indicates access orogenic movement phase of the Himalayas is no longer uplift.Beijing News: is there any geological structure, evolution evidence proves the Himalayas has entered post-orogenic stretching?
Side Chin Tao: in fact, six years ago, we study the geological structure and evolution of Qinghai Lake formation, the Himalayas to post-orogenic motion signal has been revealed.
In 1994, CAs Lanzhou branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center of Western resources data show that lake basin in the South of normal fault lines and shallow seismic survey reveals the depths of a series of high-angle faults with hygiene may be in the Pleistocene by reverse fault conversion.
Of course, this implied the existence of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau after orogenic extension possibilities.
Considering that most of the world's leading orogen collision to the extension of the interval in the wake of the 40Ma (million years), this is happening inTibet and India plate collision 40Ma more time after time and most of the world's leading orogenic belt line, the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau there post-orogenic extension possibility is worthy of attention.Interviews/reporter Li Jian-photographer/reporter wangjia Ning
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