"National treasure" solving mathematical problems visitors

<p> Former "nighttime magic cube" Yang, Hungary Museum and exhibition "singular" guest "toys to answer <wbr> math challenges <wbr> <wbr> entered Hungary Pavilion for Shanghai Expo, the face will be able to see a large .stainless steel sculpture, gives people the feeling of calm, this is a "visitor" a national treasure. </ p> Figure <wbr> / CFP <wbr> in 1982 of the Knoxville Expo, Hungary exhibition a mathematical genius Rubik invented the Rubik's .cube. Rubik's cube, this has become an Expo history a story; 28 years later, Hungary's mathematical genius are once again on the Expo showcases their math toys, introduced the works of the "national treasure '", but also to the entire World Expo .blow to a swift and math. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Hungary's peculiar "sculpture" </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Entering the Shanghai World Expo Hungary Museum, .saw a large stainless steel sculpture, a glance gives people the feeling of calm, reminiscent of Rodin's famous "rolled down from the mountain slopes are not broken sculpture is good sculpture". </ p> This is the new Hungary artist? reporters look, .it was Hungary mathematicians 2006 discovery of the "new" geometry. This geometry "only two balance". All in the 21st century, should also be able to find a new geometry? with great interest, journalists examine the strange geometry. <p> .<wbr> </ p> <p> This geometry named "Gomboc," there is no Chinese name. </ p> Hungary Museum curator Hu si te expressed the hope that the Chinese audiences to be able to give it a proper Chinese name .. The reporter explained it as a "guest," a national treasure. "" Guest "is a well-known mathematical problems of practical answers, this famous mathematical question is: is there a three-dimensional geometric convex body, only one stable balance .and an unstable equilibrium point? <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Two balance is the key </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Balance is the objects honestly be fixed there. .</ p> The "stable" is when objects are moved away from equilibrium position to some extent, still trying to come back to its original position, so as to restore the original state of equilibrium. There is also a kind of "unstable equilibrium .", is a cone of the plane, if a catch particular specially-it can also be set up, but a touch fell. The third is the" with event balance status "is the equivalent of a tapered sides is placed on a flat surface ., roll out to touch them, "let it be". <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Cone this thing have a plane to provide a steady balance is not so surprising. </ p> If a thing has .a concave, just like the "eye wowotou infants", a stable balance nor surprising. But there is a whole body is a raised surface shape, only a stable balance of the body? the answer is "there", but quite common - that .is, we usually play the "tumbler", no matter how to tip over, is will be restored to the starting position. Tumbler inverted, be in "unstable equilibrium point", so it is "only" two point objects. The reason is .not frustrated because it's lower with weights, uniform delivery of physical ability to do this? <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Another way: homogeneous convex body can have one and only one stable balance and an unstable equilibrium point? .this problem became a math problem. </ p> Scientists also this object from a name is "single unit". For a long time the problem is many mathematicians do not think that is the "discuss", because in a two-dimensional world ., there is only one stable balance objects, such as an oval-shaped, it can in the long axis level status of "lying", but the two sides can "lay", so it has two stable equilibrium. But there is still a .mathematician are convinced that, in the 3-d world may exist that geometry. In 1995, made Russia the mathematician Arnold, may exist such three-dimensional objects, causing the Hungary mathematical physicist domocos attention. So he and his students varkonji began this exploration .. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> <wbr> Varkonji (left) and domocos (right) presented to the University of Cambridge. "" "'</ p> Information pictures <p> <wbr> < ./ p> <p> Looking for a course full of hardships </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In accepting the Plus magazine interview, domocos tells them to look for the "single monomer" difficult course .. </ p> Mathematically speaking, a particularly long thin object like a pencil, there are two unstable equilibrium point, in its two; and a special flat width of the object, such as a piece of paper has two stable balance of both sides .of it. So, the "single-cell" is certainly neither special slenderness, nor special flat width. After calculation, the "single monomer" thin and flat degree will be limited to a small range. <p> <wbr> </ .p> <p> Domocos and varkonji mathematically confirmed "single monomer" exists, but exactly what it look like? they decided to go looking for nature has no such object exists. </ p> Two of them to the beach and find the 2000 .block small stone, testing them is not a "single-cell", nothing, "we grow a lot of knowledge about the small stones, no growth is on the 'single monomer' knowledge." Domocos said. Nature cannot find something, because .it needs very high precision and small stones is not possible to achieve such a precision. <p> In 2006, the two men finally determine their own RIP previously only on paper in the formula "single monomer" assessment, they use a computer to a .3-d model control precision machine tool has made the first "single monomer," they would name it as "national treasures off." </ p> This word in the phrase in Hungary is the "class of sphere". Beneath it looks .like a sphere, and above it a "cutting edge". Regardless of the "national treasure '" how to place into a plane, it will be restored to the position of the ball down, ie it "stable equilibrium"; while it's " .edge "on its" unstable equilibrium point. "p> <wbr> <p> Domocos and Marconi in passengers into a" national treasure ", began to manufacture other guests of the" national treasure ". </ p>" National treasure ' ., "there are many possible shapes, but each shape accuracy requirements are very high, 10 cm internal error must not exceed 1 / 10 mm. Because of this and can be referred to as the" discovery "and" invention "of things, the .two men became a star in the mathematical community. They also put into biology, found the tortoise was emancipated, always will soon end face-down position, which rely on their short legs must be unworkable, so tortoise shell shape certainly similar to only one .of the "national treasure uep guest"! so domocos and varkonji spent a year in Budapest Zoo measurement tortoise shell, wrote a thesis in biology. Initially their thesis after 5th of rejection, and finally in the United Kingdom the authoritative magazine of the Royal Society .for the advancement of Science (Proceedingsof the Royal Society), after their biology research on the nature and the science "and other top science magazine. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> 【Reporter ¡ .¯ s】 </ p> <p> How are the "guests" a national treasure </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> "" Guest "is the world's first and only two equilibria of homogeneous .convex body, it profoundly embodies the math "the beauty of simplicity and order" in Hungary Museum two point known as the "yin and Yang," and that it reflects the balance of the universe. </ p> Journalists personally operation Hall of a ."national treasure" and found that no matter who it how to place, it is like a stubborn child back to the original "sitting". Hungary the video explains that "a national treasure who" embodies the spirit of Hungary - always be able to .stand up in frustration. People want "Hungary" could become "guests" Rubik's cube "followed by a popular math toys. Shanghai World Expo is the first large-scale exhibition. Now" national treasure "has been in the online visitors to open sell ., because processing demands high, cheapest "national treasure" of the sale price also visitors for more than 100 euros. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> What Hungary Museum exhibits? no, only the various "national treasure guest .! "the zenith Hungary Hall hanging on many top of Poles, accompanied by classical music slowly lift, also reflects the beauty of mathematics of rationality. </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In this edition of .interviews / interview with the Mission Shanghai reporter Liu Zheng </ p>.