"Artificial black hole" really can solve the energy crisis?

<p> Photovoltaic power generation is still a bottleneck, thermal power generation or for solar, <wbr> how? <wbr> the Beijing News "<wbr> awakening weekly <wbr> near Seville in Spain, has a magnificent solar thermal conversion plant .. </ p> Huge mirror let the sunlight to heat the water boiler, steam driven generating the reuse of the turbine. Information <wbr> picture <wbr> Chinese researchers papers that produce "artificial black hole" of messages caused by world scientific media .attention. (Detailed report http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b2b7de20100fykb.html) everyone hopes this research will answer the following questions: are we can solar energy utilization to what level in the coming energy crisis, the Sun .will save humanity? <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Mankind has been in use of sunlight, but, what is the photo, from light to heat?, from optical to electrical, what happened? current solar technology why .no revolutionary breakthrough? great Sun God to save the future of humanity? </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> 1 battery principle </ p> <p> How to let light into electricity? </ .p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In 1905, Einstein from Germany physicist Max Planck Institute for quantum hypothesis "of" inspiration, discovery of light (electromagnetic wave) was not a wave, and Atomic, electron, .like the sequential particles. </ p> Einstein's assumptions, the light is the speed of light C moving particles. He called photons, each quantum of energy equal to the light frequency is multiplied by the Planck constant h. The discovery of the Planck constant .h, triggered a revolution in quantum physics, Einstein is because on the interpretation of the "photoelectric effect", won the Nobel Prize in 1921. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> According to Einstein's theory, when a light .shines in some material, "kicked out" an Opto-Electronics, which leaves a "hole", another electrode e will flow over to compensate for this "hole". </ p> Current is produced. This is the light energy into electrical .energy in the micro-level events. But not all materials are able to play opto-electronics. Must have current, e must be able to free movement, "in the metal, without illumination electronic can flow, so the metal conductor. Ceramic insulators ., in light of this and more is not out of the electronic, inside is not current. Only be beaten out electronic to is half insulated semiconductor, General Electronics will not be fixed, but in certain conditions given, becomes dynamic. "The Chinese Academy .of science of solar cell technology research group researcher zhouchunlan explained. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In the semiconductor industry, source of abundant silicon as the most critical materials. </ p> It is not only a modern .computer electronics materials, also became the key to modern battery technology. Sunlight in the Silicon Crystal, an e-mail, up to 25% of the energy transmitted to it, the rest of the light energy is transformed into heat energy. <p> .<wbr> </ p> <p> Solar energy battery operation mechanism, light into electricity has two steps: first of all to let light into the battery, as much as possible to let the light all in, followed by a photoelectric conversion. .</ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> The relative ease of acquisition. </ p> Zhouchunlan said, when the light exposure to substances, occur in three situations: absorption, transmission and reflection. "Now .the battery technology General absorption and transmission problems are resolved, reflecting the General control of over 10%, that is, the Sun's acquisition can do 90%. "So, even if you assume that scientists really one day will be the" black hole " .microwave "visible black holes" and achieved a 100% absorption of light, a photoelectric conversion link, the end conversion efficiency may also simply raise one or two percentage points. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> "Photoelectric conversion .is the key to solar battery technology, there has been no significant breakthroughs. </ p> "Zhouchunlan said, the reason is simple, when you were out of optoelectronics, produces more than 25% of the energy conversion, most of the light energy .is converted into heat energy. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In today's world of battery technology, inexpensive solar cells only 10% of energy into electrical energy, the most advanced solar cells for maximum efficiency can be achieved 41 .% more, but the complexity of its production, materials are very expensive, the efficiency of solar cells in General only 20%. </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> 2 photovoltaic technology </ p> .<p> Conquer the "Achilles heel" </ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Solar energy directly into electricity effect, called photovoltaic (PV) effect, this is the core of the solar cell technology. .</ p> <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> The breakthrough of the photoelectric conversion has several aspects. </ p> Some scientists start from materials: each semiconductor has a certain "band-gap". Photonic band .gap "and" the closer, the higher the efficiency of the battery. In 1954, Bell Labs first found abundant cheap and close to the "band" silicon crystals do material, but their first block Mono solar cell efficiency by only 6%. Today ., scientists are trying to make a more efficient civil solar batteries, cheap and efficiency up to 20% of the photovoltaic cells become popular. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In other new studies, scientists use a more efficient .semiconductor materials such as compound semiconductor, etc., but efficient battery cost prohibitive, so most of them only to military and aviation fields. </ p> For example, the Boeing Company in recent years developed used in NASA space probe on photovoltaic materials, .conversion efficiency may reach 40%. On efficiency, this material is now popular Silicon material twice, but production cost is higher than 100 times more. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> On the other hand, in order to .overcome the photoelectric conversion this "Achilles heel", scientists and efforts in the cell structure. </ p> In recent years aA more successful design from the former NASA scientist of a company. They will design a lens into the battery. This can be .as much as possible to increase the battery plate on the absorption of sunlight. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Another study to make the most efficient battery has reached 41%. </ p> Know-how is the .multilayer structure of the cell, and each layer can absorb all the bands in the solar spectrum of different colors of light. "Light in three ways after the first is how to go in and do it, but in time of wavelength with out of different .wavelength change occurs, the other two channels is light into electricity and light into heat. "Zhouchunlan explain the multilayer structure of the cell, said that" this kind of structure, is how lets light into heat of probability to smaller, become greater probability of .electricity. "However, multilayer structure battery still face high costs. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> 3 solar thermal power generation </ p> <p> There has been a business transformation plant </ p> < .p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Many people in the field of solar energy are referred to a hypothetical: theoretically, found a sunny land, as long as the United States, half the size of Texas, all covered with solar .cells. </ p> Even if the conversion rate is only 20% of global energy issues will be addressed immediately. <p> Suppose return assumptions allow global spell so much a place to absorb solar energy is not an easy task. </ p .> In accordance with existing civil battery technology, in the light intensity of 100% of 1 square meter area the Sun's irradiance per hour can produce about 0.5 unit. "Assuming the roof covered 100 square meters of battery plate, according to the conversion rate of .16%, can send per hour, 8 degree days 6 hours 48 units of electricity can be made. "Zhouchunlan computing said that" personal use costs or high. "<p> <wbr> </ p> <p> However, PV .is the solar energy into electricity, the only way. </ p> We also have many other technologies using solar energy. For example, in recent years, use the-thermal power generation industry started to pop. Photovoltaic technology is allowing light directly into .electricity, solar thermal power generation is to let light fever, and then to produce electricity. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Light into heat is generated, rather than the efficiency of the conversion process is almost 100%. .</ p> Solar heating water technology early on universal access. In recent years, foreign began some large power plants, the use of mirror or lens at the Sun, and then use the steam to drive steam turbines. According to the Chinese Academy of .science in electrical engineering, Dr. Yao Zhi Hao, coal-fired power plant can produce thermal power generation, nuclear power through nuclear fusion produces heat, natural gas also through thermal power generation, solar energy into heat ", coal, nuclear fusion is the .same. "<p> <wbr> </ p> <p> By steam power generation, efficiency can reach 20%. </ p> In addition to steam, Yao chi-Ho said, you can also generate electricity through other intermediary .. For example, desert, water, Sun, sunlight can be assembled to form the heating air with high temperature and high pressure, or you can directly generate electricity and water are combined into a steam electric power generation. In addition, you can also become .fluid lava heating, absorb the Sun's heat, and then pass the water will soon turn into steam. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Near Seville in Spain, has a magnificent solar thermal conversion plant. </ p> .This is the world's first commercial solar Tower, a huge mirror let sunlight into the boiler, the steam-driven power generation by utilizing the turbine, the factory can generate 1.1 million kilowatts of power to meet 6 million of electricity demand. <p> < .wbr> </ p> <p> <wbr> Overlooking Sevilla near the solar thermal conversion plant. </ p> Information pictures <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> In addition to the specular reflection, now also called .dish / Stirling solar thermal power generation system, by Stirling engine, sunlight can make their innermost natural gas expansion, ultimately driving the efficiency of the engine, it has reached 24%, more than any other solar thermal power generation systems. </ p> .Today, the United States has officially in the Mojave Desert Department plans to build the world's first flying saucer solar heating plant. <p> <wbr> </ p> <p> Every two weeks, the solar radiation energy in the Earth's surface than .a year of all energy used together are more, the Sun is the enormous energy library. </ p> Although there are still many difficulties, but the world's scientists are fully committed to research better solar technology. A new solar era is coming. " .The total useful out of coal, solar how to use couldn't finish. "Zhouchunlan said," no matter what technology, I believe that the solar one day can save mankind. "<p> <wbr> </ p> <p .> New thematic interviews / reporter Kim Yu </ p> <p> This special appreciated: </ p> <p> Cui tiejun (Southeast University, Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of millimeter waves) </ p> <p> .Cheng Qiang (Southeast University state key Lab of millimeter waves) </ p> <p> Kilday kushev (United States Purdue University electronic and Computing Engineering, principal researcher) </ p> <p> Sun is where (Shanghai Science and technology press .Edit) </ p> <p> Zhouchunlan (Chinese Academy of science of solar cell technology research group researcher) </ p> <p> Yao Zhi Hao (Chinese Academy of science in electrical engineering Ph.d.) <wbr> < ./ p>.